Mcfarlandblake5383

Calsequestrin (CASQ) was discovered in rabbit skeletal muscle tissues in 1971 and has been considered simply a passive Ca2+-buffering protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that provides Ca2+ ions for various Ca2+ signals. For the past three decades, physiologists, biochemists, and structural biologists have examined the roles of the skeletal muscle type of CASQ (CASQ1) in skeletal muscle and revealed that CASQ1 has various important functions as (1) a major Ca2+-buffering protein to maintain the SR with a suitable amount of Ca2+ at each moment, (2) a dynamic Ca2+ sensor in the SR that regulates Ca2+ release from the SR to the cytosol, (3) a structural regulator for the proper formation of terminal cisternae, (4) a reverse-directional regulator of extracellular Ca2+ entries, and (5) a cause of human skeletal muscle diseases. This review is focused on understanding these functions of CASQ1 in the physiological or pathophysiological status of skeletal muscle.Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report volume abnormalities in multiple regions of the cerebral cortex. However, findings for many regions, particularly regions outside commonly studied emotion-related prefrontal, insular, and limbic regions, are inconsistent and tentative. Also, few studies address the possibility that PTSD abnormalities may be confounded by comorbid depression. A mega-analysis investigating all cortical regions in a large sample of PTSD and control subjects can potentially provide new insight into these issues. Given this perspective, our group aggregated regional volumes data of 68 cortical regions across both hemispheres from 1379 PTSD patients to 2192 controls without PTSD after data were processed by 32 international laboratories using ENIGMA standardized procedures. We examined whether regional cortical volumes were different in PTSD vs. controls, were associated with posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity, or were affected by comorbid depression. Volumes of left and right lateral orbitofrontal gyri (LOFG), left superior temporal gyrus, and right insular, lingual and superior parietal gyri were significantly smaller, on average, in PTSD patients than controls (standardized coefficients = -0.111 to -0.068, FDR corrected P values  less then  0.039) and were significantly negatively correlated with PTSS severity. After adjusting for depression symptoms, the PTSD findings in left and right LOFG remained significant. These findings indicate that cortical volumes in PTSD patients are smaller in prefrontal regulatory regions, as well as in broader emotion and sensory processing cortical regions.Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with impairments in social and emotional cognition that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of addiction. Repeated alcohol intoxications trigger inflammatory processes and sensitise the immune system. In addition, emerging data point to perturbations in the gut microbiome as a key regulator of the inflammatory cascade in AUD. Inflammation and social cognition are potent modulators of one another. At the same time, accumulating evidence implicates the gut microbiome in shaping emotional and social cognition, suggesting the possibility of a common underlying loop of crucial importance for addiction. Here we propose an integrative microbiome neuro-immuno-affective framework of how emotional dysregulation and alcohol-related microbiome dysbiosis could accelerate the cycle of addiction. We outline the overlapping effects of chronic alcohol use, inflammation and microbiome alterations on the fronto-limbic circuitry as a convergence hub for emotional dysregulation. We discuss the interdependent relationship of social cognition, immunity and the microbiome in relation to alcohol misuse- from binge drinking to addiction. In addition, we emphasise adolescence as a sensitive period for the confluence of alcohol harmful effects and emotional dysregulation in the developing gut-brain axis.During the Anthropocene and other eras of rapidly changing climates, rates of change of ecological systems can be described as fast, slow or abrupt. Fast ecological responses closely track climate change, slow responses substantively lag climate forcing, causing disequilibria and reduced fitness, and abrupt responses are characterized by nonlinear, threshold-type responses at rates that are large relative to background variability and forcing. All three kinds of climate-driven ecological dynamics are well documented in contemporary studies, palaeoecology and invasion biology. This fast-slow-abrupt conceptual framework helps unify a bifurcated climate-change literature, which tends to separately consider the ecological risks posed by slow or abrupt ecological dynamics. Given the prospect of ongoing climate change for the next several decades to centuries of the Anthropocene and wide variations in ecological rates of change, the theory and practice of managing ecological systems should shift attention from target states to target rates. A rates-focused framework broadens the strategic menu for managers to include options to both slow and accelerate ecological rates of change, seeks to reduce mismatch among climate and ecological rates of change, and provides a unified conceptual framework for tackling the distinct risks associated with fast, slow and abrupt ecological rates of change.

To compare the peripartum outcomes when labor is induced with prostaglandins E

versus E

.

The Consortium of Safe Labor database was utilized. Women with non-anomalous singletons >24 weeks gestation undergoing induction were analyzed. The primary endpoint was a composite adverse maternal outcome with a composite adverse neonatal outcome as our secondary outcome.

Of the 228,438 births within the database, 8229 (10.8%) met inclusion criteria with 4703 (55.7%) receiving PGE

, and 3741 (44.3%), PGE

. The rate of vaginal delivery was similar between both. Composite adverse maternal outcome, was more likely among the prostaglandin E

7.2% vs. 1.5% (aOR 4.20; 95% CI 3.02-5.85); similar trend observed with composite adverse neonatal outcome rates 4.6% vs. 1.4% (aOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.14-2.50).

Utilization of prostaglandin E

, compared to E

was associated with an increased likelihood of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Utilization of prostaglandin E1, compared to E2, was associated with an increased likelihood of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Compare Eat, Sleep, Console (ESC) and limited opioid treatment on birth length of stay (LOS), postnatal opioid exposure, and 30-day re-hospitalizations in opioid-exposed newborns (OENs) in two hospital systems.

Quality improvement teams supported change from scheduled methadone using Finnegan scores to standardized non-pharmacologic support using ESC. Intermittent morphine was used only if needed. Statistical process control charts examined changes over time.

Between 2017 and 2019 we treated 280 OENs ≥35 weeks' gestation, 101 and 179 per hospital. Post-ESC, LOS decreased 51.2% (16.8-8.2 days), postnatal opioid treatment decreased from 64.1 to 29.9%; percent decline in both hospitals was similar. 30-day re-hospitalizations were 5/103 (4.8%) pre-ESC, and 7/177 (4.0%) post-ESC (p = 0.72, NS). Multiple substance co-exposures were common (226/280, 80.7%).

ESC and as needed morphine decreased LOS and postnatal opioid exposure for OENs in two hospital systems without increasing 30-day readmissions. ESC appears effective in OENs with multiple co-exposures.

ESC and as needed morphine decreased LOS and postnatal opioid exposure for OENs in two hospital systems without increasing 30-day readmissions. ESC appears effective in OENs with multiple co-exposures.

This scoping review describes the nature and evidence base of internationally available guidelines for the introduction of oral feeding for preterm infants in neonatal units.

Thirty-nine current infant oral feeding introduction guidelines were obtained, and their recommendations contrasted with available scientific literature.

Documents were primarily from the USA, UK, Canada, and Australia, from hospitals, regional health authorities, and journal articles. Specifics of nonnutritive sucking, gestational age at first feed, exclusions to oral feeding, suggested interventions, and the definition of full oral feeding varied between documents. There was variable use of scientific evidence to back up recommendations.

Guidelines for oral feeding, whether written by clinicians or researchers, vary greatly in their recommendations and details of interventions. Areas more widely researched were more commonly discussed. Recommendations varied more when evidence was not available or weak. Guideline developers need to synthesize evidence and local variability to create appropriate guidelines.

Guidelines for oral feeding, whether written by clinicians or researchers, vary greatly in their recommendations and details of interventions. Areas more widely researched were more commonly discussed. Recommendations varied more when evidence was not available or weak. Guideline developers need to synthesize evidence and local variability to create appropriate guidelines.

To identify barriers and facilitators to adherence to safe sleep practices (SSP) among mothers of preterm infants using qualitative methodology.

We conducted 23 in-depth interviews in English or Spanish with mothers of preterm infants who were recently discharged from four hospitals, utilizing a grounded-theory approach and framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitudes, perceived control, social norms).

For attitudes, mothers' fear about their infants' vulnerable preterm state related to suffocation, apnea of prematurity, and reflux influenced infant sleep practices. For social norms, education received in the NICU and advice from other health care providers, family, friends, and media impacted their choices. For perceived control, mothers adapted infant sleep practices to meet their own needs and address the perceived safety and comfort of infants.

Factors identified that influence maternal decision-making about infant sleep practices can inform interventions to address sudden unexpected infant death reduction in preterm infants.

Factors identified that influence maternal decision-making about infant sleep practices can inform interventions to address sudden unexpected infant death reduction in preterm infants.In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of aspirin on the risk of pyogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP-PLA) and invasive KP-PLA syndrome (IKPS) in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients who were propensity-score matched were retrospectively included from hospital-based database. Kaplan-Meier approach with a log-rank test was used to compare the cumulative incidences of KP-PLA including IKPS between aspirin users and non-users. learn more Totally, 63,500 patients were analyzed after propensity-score matching (11). Compared with that of non-users, the incidence of KP-PLA was significantly reduced in aspirin users (0.31% vs. 0.50%, p  less then  0.01), but not for that of IKPS (0.02% vs. 0.03%, p = 0.29). Patients taking aspirin for ≥ 90 days had a significantly lower risk for KP-PLA (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.50-0.90). Females, taking clopidogrel or metformin for ≥ 90 days, and taking H2-blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for ≥ 5 days were also associated with a lower risk of KP-PLA.