Mcfaddenrefsgaard3906

Target/non-target ratios, obtained by scintigraphic images, were greater than 1.5 at all investigated times. Data did not show significant differences between the free radiotracer and radiolabeled liposomes. Results suggest that this liposomal preparation could be employed as an alternative procedure for inflamed site detection by means of scintigraphic images. However, as the radiotracer is adsorbed onto the liposome surface by electrostatic forces, it is suggested that a neutral radiopharmaceutical be used to confirm the potential of this formulation as a scintigraphic probe for inflammation/infection detection.Application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics has attracted much attention in recent years. Nano titanium dioxide is one of the most important inorganic functional materials. Cellular toxicity of pH-controlled antitumor drug release system of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) in pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990) was evaluated in this paper. The anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX) was easily loaded on TiO2-NTs through adsorption forces because of its high specific surface area and perfect surface activity. The drug release from the nanotubes was pH dependent. The toxicological effects were studied after co-incubation of SW1990 with TiO2-NTs-DOX, TiO2-NTs and DOX, respectively. The cellular effect of DOX released from the TiO2-NTs-DOX was same as when DOX was used alone, indicating that the synthesized TiO2-NTs are well qualified as drug carriers in antitumor drug controlled-release system.Implants that can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and enhance osteogenesis are desirable for osteoporosis patients. In this study, titania nanotube (Ti-NT) materials, having nanotube diameters of 30, 80, and 120 nm, were produced separately by anodization at 10, 40, and 60 V, respectively. The introduction of Ti-NTs to titanium substrates significantly reduced the formation and activity of osteoclasts on samples. With the enlargement of the nanotube diameter, the osteoclasts number, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and activity, and related gene expressions of osteoclasts were further reduced. Osteogenic ability was enhanced by increasing the nanotube diameter. Thus, larger-diameter nanotube implants, such as NT60, were better able to inhibit bone absorption and enhance bone formation to prevent implant loss and failure, especially for osteoporosis patients.The objective of this study was to assess cytotoxicity of engineered MnO nanoparticles by quantifying the reactive oxygen species (ROS) related genes (glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase) using real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and molecular beacon (MB) technologies. Monodisperse MnO nanoparticles of 14 nm in size were synthesized by the encapsulation of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-phospholipid shell around the MnO core to endow high water-dispersibility and biocompatibility. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated at different concentrations (10, 50 and 100 μg/ml) and incubation times (12, 24 and 48 h) with human cancer cell lines (glioblastoma, lung adenocarcinoma and neuroblastoma cells). Both genetic and cellular cytotoxic screening methods produced consistent results, showing that GST and catalase ROS gene expression was maximized in 24 h incubation at 100 μg/ml concentration of MnO nanoparticles for each cell line. However, the cytotoxicity effect of the PEG-phospholipid coated MnO nanoparticle was not significant compared with control experiments, demonstrating its high potential in the applications of nanomedicines for a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.Our investigation was carried out in two phases. First we synthesized curcumin nanocrystals using a simple precipitation method and characterized their absorbance, crystallinity, size, and morphology by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Particle size Analyzer (PSA), in comparison with bulk curcumin. selleck compound Characterization studies revealed that the protocol we standardized resulted in Curcumin nanocrystals with 10-200 nm size which was fairly soluble in water in contrast to bulk curcumin. Due to its crystallinity, nanocurcumin that we synthesized was also referred as Curcumin Nanocrystals. In Phase 2, we have assessed the comparative antioxidant efficacy of Curcumin nanocrystals and bulk Curcumin in the circulation of 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine-treated rats by investigating lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase), GSH and GSH-dependent detoxification enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, gIutathione-S-transferase). Curcumin nanocrystals exerted its antioxidant effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation, and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes studied. Curcumin nanocrystals exhibited its antioxidant action at 40 mg dose whereas the bulk curcumin exerted its effect at 80 mg dose. link2 This may be due to enhanced solubility, dispersibility, and crystallinity of the nanocrystals, which might have enhanced its bioavailability when compared to poorly soluble bulk curcumin.A practical and effective strategy for synthesizing PEGylated Fe3O4 nanomicelles is established. In this strategy, a magnetic fluid of the Fe3O4 nanomicelles was synthesized with amphiphilic PEGylated phospholipid as surfactant and soybean oil as stabilizer under simple mechanical stirring and subsequent ultrasonication. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurement indicated that the sample is monodisperse spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles with internal core size of 9 nm and external nanomicelle shell thickness of 1.5 nm. The final hydrodynamic size of the sample is 19.5 nm and its zeta potential is - 38.5 mV, suggesting good stability of the magnetic nanomicelles in water. To assess the ability of magnetic nanomicelles to escape reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake, in vitro cell phagocytosis experiments were conducted using murine macrophages (RAW264.7). The results indicated that the PEGylation can effectively prevent the uptake of the nanomicelles by the macrophages. Using a mouse model of 4T1 breast cancer, the nanomicelles provided a good magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability to sensitively detect tumor by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The PEGylated monodisperse magnetic nanomicelles would become a potential contrast agent for passive targeting diagnosis of tumor by MR imaging.The effect of anticancer drugs could be significantly enhanced if it is encapsulated in drug delivery vehicles such as liposomes, polymers, dendrimers and other materials. For some conventional cisplatin encapsulating methods, however, suffers from low loading efficiency. Therefore, in order to overcome this limitation, in our study, sonication was used in preparation of the nanocomplex of a species of aquated cisplatin and carboxylated PAMAM dendrimer G3.5 to evaluate loading capacity as well as plantinum release behavior using FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, ICP-AES, and TEM. The results show that 25.20 and 27.83 wt/wt% of cisplatin were loaded under stirring and sonication respectively, a remarkably improvement in loading efficiency compared to that of conventional method that used of cisplatin. In vitro study showed that this drug-nanocarrier complex also help reduce cisplatin's cytotoxicity but can still keep sufficient antiproliferative activity against lung cancer cell, NCI-H460, with IC50 at 0.985 ± 0.01 μM.Gene therapy has been concerned to be one of the most promising strategies to treat many diseases such as genetic disorders and cancer. However, design of safe and highly efficient gene delivery vectors still remains a great challenge. In this work, we report the use of partially acetylated dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) for gene delivery applications. First, partially acetylated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with different acetylation degrees were used as templates to synthesize Au DENPs. The formed Au DENPs were characterized via different techniques and were used to complex two different pDNAs encoding luciferase (Luc) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), respectively for gene transfection studies. The Au DENPs/pDNA polyplexes with different N/P ratios were characterized by gel retardation assay, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements, and the gene transfection efficiency was evaluated by Luc assay and fluorescence microscopic imaging of the EGFP expression, respectively. We show that despite the partial acetylation (5, 10, 20, and 30 acetyl groups per G5 dendrimer according to the molar feeding ratio), all acetylated Au DENPs are able to effectively compact the pDNA and transfect genes to the model cell line with high efficiency comparable to the Au DENPs without acetylation. With the proven less cytotoxicity of the partially acetylated Au DENPs than that of non-acetylated Au DENPs by cell viability assay, the developed partially acetylated Au DENPs may serve as promising vectors for safe gene delivery applications with non-compromised gene transfection efficiency.The present study evaluates role of pullulan as hepatic targeting agent. Nanoparticles of silymarin (SIM) a hepatoprotective drug were prepared using polyethylene sebacate (PES) as biodegradable polymer and surface modified with pullulan. PES-SIM nanoparticles (PES-SIM NP) and PES-SIM nanoparticles surface modified with pullulan (PES-SIM-PUL) were prepared by nanoprecipitation. Nanoparticles were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in a model of carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pretreatment of rats with PES-SIM-NP and PES-SIM-PUL revealed reduced levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALKP compared to CCl4 treated group (p less then 0.01) whereas levels of LPO and catalase were comparable to vehicle control suggesting enhanced hepatoprotection with nanoparticles. Histopathological evaluation of liver tissues also revealed better hepatoprotection with nanoparticles. Further significant decrease (p less then 0.01) in levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALKP with difference PES-SIM-PUL than PES-SIM NP confirms the role of pullulan as hepatic targeting agent.In this study the conventional oils used for lipid nanocarriers (NLCs) synthesis were replaced by high concentration of fish oils (e.g., fish oil concentrated in omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil enriched in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and salmon oil), in order to produce appropriate lipid based nanosystems able to entrap willow bark extract (WBE). Formulation factors such as the nature of the fish oil, glycerol content and WBE loading were evaluated to produce optimum lipid based nanosystems with suitable physical stability and enhanced antioxidant activity. link3 The synthesized WBE-NLC showed spherical and homogeneous particles and average diameters in the range of 200-250 nm, as determined by TEM measurements. The electrokinetic potentials were negative for all free- and WBE-loaded NLCs, with values between -29.1 ÷ - 35.8 mV, which reveal an excellent physical stability. By scanning calorimetry measurements it has been shown that the lipid crystallization and melting behavior of NLCs before and after loading with WBE were no significantly influenced by the type of fish oil used and only in a few NLCs formulations an obvious perturbation of lipid network have been detected. The chemiluminescence technique has been used to assess the effect of fish oil type on the in vitro antioxidant activity of WBE-NLCs. Ability of WBE entrapped within NLCs to scavange the free radicals was greater than for native WBE and fish oils. The difference between the antioxidant activity of WBE-NLC (98%) and those of pure WBE (AA% = 77.2) and fish oil (AA% = 83.7), may be explained by the occurrence of a synergistic effect between the components of lipid nanocarriers.