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hinders OPC maturation. Subsequently, A1 astrocytes inhibit microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris via an astrocytic C3-microglial C3aR axis. Polyethylene glycol-CeNP treatment inhibits this pathological process and ultimately promotes remyelination. Such findings enlighten us that astrocytes and microglia should be regarded as a functional unit in future works.

The present study reveals a new mechanism in white matter injury after ICH ICH induces M1 microglia and A1 astrocyte through ROS-induced NF-κB p65 translocation that hinders OPC maturation. Subsequently, A1 astrocytes inhibit microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris via an astrocytic C3-microglial C3aR axis. Polyethylene glycol-CeNP treatment inhibits this pathological process and ultimately promotes remyelination. Such findings enlighten us that astrocytes and microglia should be regarded as a functional unit in future works.

Public policy is increasingly recognized as an important component of physical activity promotion. This paper reports on the current status of physical activity policy development and implementation in four European countries based on the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) developed by WHO. It compares the findings to previous studies and discusses the general utility of this tool and its unique features in relation to other instruments.

The study was conducted as part of the Policy Evaluation Network ( www.jpi-pen.eu ) in Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Poland. Data collection built upon information obtained via the EU Physical Activity Monitoring Framework survey, additional desk research and expert opinion. Data analysis employed Howlett's policy cycle framework to map and compare national physical activity policies in the four countries.

In all countries under study, policy agenda-setting is influenced by prevalence data from national health monitoring systems, and to national contexts. Overall, the instrument can make an important contribution to understanding and informing physical activity policy, especially when used as an add-on to regular monitoring tools like the EU HEPA Monitoring Framework.

This study provides a detailed overview of physical activity policies in the four countries. Results show that national governments are already very active in the field but that there is room for improvement in a number of areas, e.g. regarding the contribution of sectors beyond sport and health. Using the HEPA PAT simultaneously in four countries also showed that procedures and timelines have to be adapted to national contexts. Overall, the instrument can make an important contribution to understanding and informing physical activity policy, especially when used as an add-on to regular monitoring tools like the EU HEPA Monitoring Framework.

The burden of chronic and societal diseases is affected by many risk factors that can change over time. The minimalisation of disease-associated risk factors may contribute to long-term health. Therefore, new data-driven health management should be used in clinical decision-making in order to minimise future individual risks of disease and adverse health effects.

We aimed to develop a health trajectories (HT) management methodology based on electronic health records (EHR) and analysing overlapping groups of patients who share a similar risk of developing a particular disease or experiencing specific adverse health effects. Formal concept analysis (FCA) was applied to identify and visualise overlapping patient groups, as well as for decision-making. To demonstrate its capabilities, the theoretical model presented uses genuine data from a local total knee arthroplasty (TKA) register (a total of 1885 patients) and shows the influence of step by step changes in five lifestyle factors (BMI, smoking, activity, improve patient outcomes should be proved using various real-world data from EHR datasets.

This theoretical model introduces future HT management as an understandable way of conceiving patients' futures with a view to positively (or negatively) changing their behaviour. The model's ability to influence beneficial health care decision-making to improve patient outcomes should be proved using various real-world data from EHR datasets.

The expectation that climate change will further exacerbate extreme weather events such as heatwaves is of primary concern to policymakers and scientists. IRAK14InhibitorI Effective governance is fundamental to preparedness for and response to such threats. This paper explores the governance structures of European heat health action plans and provides insights into key stakeholders, roles, responsibilities and collaboration.

This was a two-phase qualitative study, in which we complemented a desk review of 15 European national heat health action plans (NHHAPs) with, after obtaining informed consent, 68 interviews in nine countries with key informants involved in the development, implementation and/or evaluation of these NHHAPs. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the NHHAPs inductively. This analysis focused on three themes identifying key stakeholders, defining and assigning roles and collaboration among stakeholders. The iteratively created codebook was then applied to the analysis of the key informant interviews. Alach, but also formal structures can be beneficial.

In this study, we aimed to mine immune-related RNAs expressed in early cervical squamous cell carcinoma to construct prognostic prediction models.

The RNA sequencing data of 309 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cases, including data of individuals with available clinical information, were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We included 181 early-stage CSCC tumor samples with clinical survival and prognosis information (training dataset). Then, we downloaded the GSE44001 gene expression profile data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (validation dataset). Gene ontology annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were used to analyze the biological functions of differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). We established protein-protein interactions and competing endogenous RNA networks using Cytoscape. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, we evaluated the association between the high- and low-risk groups and the actual survival and prognosis information.