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ications and higher perioperative mortality and worse long- term outcome.
Symptomatic, high shunt CAF must be interrupted. The presence of daily ischemic symptoms in our case report patient, is worth to be remarked. Alternatives for fistulae closure are transcatheter or surgery, depending on anatomic variables and the presence of associated cardiac conditions. Surgical epicardial closure of LAD to PA fistulae variant can be done with very low mortality and morbidity, but other variants with coronary aneurysm, drainage in the coronary sinus or other concomitant cardiac defects, may result in ischemic complications and higher perioperative mortality and worse long- term outcome.
In plants, the RNA silencing system functions as an antiviral defense mechanism following its induction with virus-derived double-stranded RNAs. This occurs through the action of RNA silencing components, including Dicer-like (DCL) nucleases, Argonaute (AGO) proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDR). Plants encode multiple AGOs, DCLs, and RDRs. selleck products The functions of these components have been mainly examined in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In this study, we investigated the roles of DCL2, DCL4, AGO2, AGO3 and RDR6 in tomato responses to viral infection. For this purpose, we used transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker), in which the expression of these genes were suppressed by double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA silencing.
We previously created multiple DCL (i.e., DCL2 and DCL4) (hpDCL2.4) and RDR6 (hpRDR6) knockdown transgenic tomato plants and here additionally did multiple AGO (i.e., AGO2 and AGO3) knockdown plants (hpAGO2.3), in which double-stranded RNAs cognar roles in anti-viral RNA silencing, which controls the multiplication of PVY in tomato plants. The necrotic symptoms observed in the PVX-infected hpAGO2.3 plants suggest that AGO2, AGO3 or both are also distinctly involved in tolerance to infection with PVX.
Bone defects can be seen everywhere in the clinic, but it is still a challenge for clinicians. Bibliometrics tool CiteSpace is based on the principle of "co-citation analysis theory" to reveal new technologies, hotspots, and trends in the medical field. In this study, CiteSpace was used to perform co-citation analysis on authors, countries (regions) and institutions, journals and cited journals, authors and cited literature, as well as keywords to reveal leaders, cooperative institutions, and research hotspots of bone defects and predict development trends.
Data related to bone defect from 1994 to 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection; then, we use Excel to construct an exponential function to predict the number of annual publications; conduct a descriptive analysis on the top 10 journals with the largest number of publications; and perform co-citation analysis on authors, countries (regions) and institutions, journals and cited journals, authors and cited reference, and keywords usiegeneration, reconstruction, and graft. The keywords that were strongly cited in 2010-2019 were transportation, osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and biomaterials. After 2018, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, stromal cells, transmission, and mechanical properties have become new vocabulary. The drug delivery, vascularization, osteogenic differentiation and biomaterial properties of bone defects were expected to be further studied.
The application of CiteSpace can reveal the leaders, cooperating institutions and research hotspots of bone defects and provide references for new technologies and further research directions.
The application of CiteSpace can reveal the leaders, cooperating institutions and research hotspots of bone defects and provide references for new technologies and further research directions.
The X-linked gene WTX (also called AMER1) has been reported to function as a tumour suppressor gene in Wilms' tumour. In our previous study, WTX expression was shown to be significantly reduced in gastric cancer (GC), but the function and mechanism associated with WTX loss had yet to be fully elucidated.
WTX expression and clinical significance were father analyzed in GC and control normal gastric tissues, and validated in public databases. The candidate pathway which was regulated by WTX during GC progression was searched by KEGG pathway analysis. The miRNA which monitored WTX expression was screened by miRNA microarray. After verified the pathway and miRNA both in vitro and in vivo, the relationship of miRNA, WTX and the downstream pathway were analyzed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and luciferase analyses.
The results showed that WTX serves as a tumour suppressor gene in GC. The loss of WTX which is associated with the aggressiveness of GC by promotinglly caused by aberrant miR-20a-5p upregulation leading to the inhibition of WTX expression and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activation. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the action of the miR-20a-5p/WTX/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the progression and metastasis of GC.
The reimbursement of orphan drugs (OD) is an increasingly important for country policymakers, and still insufficiently understood, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of this research was to provide a comprehensive description of country-specific health technology assessment (HTA) policies as well as evaluate the percentage of HTA recommendations and reimbursement decisions for oncology OD. In addition, the study was designed to elucidate the impact of reimbursement of these drugs on the public budget and the agreement between HTA recommendations and reimbursement decisions in the analysed countries. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data on the reimbursement status, HTA recommendation, marketing authorisation, and public expenses on reimbursement in 2014, 2015, and 2016 for all oncology drugs with an orphan designation by the European Medicine Agency in 2017 in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The agreement between the HTA recommendation and reimbursement status was assessed using the kappa coefficient.
