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arency of the sports medicine fellowship application in order to offer additional insight and guidance for future applicants.

As other surgical fellowships have detailed their application process from the applicant's perspective, there remains a need for increased transparency of the sports medicine fellowship application in order to offer additional insight and guidance for future applicants.

To assess the radiation attenuation of lead screens in comparison to lead gowns in a simulated hip arthroscopy setting.

In this quantitative laboratory study, a phantom pelvis was used to simulate the scatter produced by patients during hip arthroscopy. Radiation measurements were taken using a handheld radiation detector positioned perpendicular to the phantom pelvis at 1.5 m and 2 m. Vacuolin1 Measurements were taken without shielding as a control, behind a lead gown (0.4-mm lead equivalent), and behind a lead screen (0.5-mm lead equivalent).

With the detector at 1.5 m perpendicular to the hip, equivalent radiation was attenuated by the lead screen (94%) and the lead gown (94%). With the detector at 2 m perpendicular to the hip, the lead screen at 1.7 m attenuated 95% of radiation.

In hip arthroscopy, using lead screens is a safe and more comfortable alternative to wearing lead gowns. The lead screen should be at least 1.2 m from the radiation source, with the surgeon standing closely behind the screen, fully covered.

Lead screens can be safely used in hip arthroscopy.

Lead screens can be safely used in hip arthroscopy.

To determine whether active smokers have different patient-reported outcomes relative to nonsmokers forpain, function, and overall health at baseline and 1 or 2 years after an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

Patients who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy were identified. Demographic data, including smoking status and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), were prospectively collected preoperatively and 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using the mixed-effects model to compare PROMs preoperatively and 1 or 2 years postoperatively between nonsmokers and active smokers.

509 knees undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy were divided into 2 cohorts group I, nonsmokers (n= 470) and group II, active smokers (n= 39). There were statistically significant baseline differences in PROMs for nonsmokers versus smokers visual analog scale (VAS), 5.0 ± 0.4 versus 6.3 ± 0.7, respectively (

= .001); Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scopostoperatively. Smokers will improve a relatively similar amount as nonsmokers after partial meniscectomy, but their overall PROM scores are lower.

III, retrospective comparative study.

III, retrospective comparative study.

To identify cost drivers of open biceps tenodesis, arthroscopic biceps tenodesis, and arthroscopic SLAP repair in the setting of isolated SLAP tears and to perform a direct cost comparison between the procedures.

The 2014 State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases from 6 US states were used. Cases with Current Procedural Terminology codes 23430 (tenodesis of long tendon of biceps), 29807 (shoulder arthroscopy, repair of SLAP lesion), and 29828 (shoulder arthroscopy, biceps tenodesis) were selected, excluding patients who were >50 years old or had a concomitant rotator cuff repair. Generalized linear models were used to model costs based on surgical and patient variables.

The mean patient age was 41.8 years for open biceps tenodesis, 31.6 for arthroscopic SLAP repair, and 41.3 for arthroscopic biceps tenodesis (

< .001). Open biceps tenodesis had cost reductions of $5,664 over arthroscopic biceps tenodesis (

= .001) and $2,320 over arthroscopic SLAP repair (

= .043). Male sex was associated with $3,798 more in costs (

< .001), presence of ≥1 comorbidities added $1,829 (

= .002), and each minute in the operating room added $37 (

< .001). Operative time for open biceps tenodesis averaged 114 minutes, and both arthroscopic procedures averaged 94 minutes (

< .001). Low-volume facilities were associated with $5,536 higher costs for arthroscopic biceps tenodesis (

=.001).

In patients aged ≤50 years with isolated SLAP tears, open biceps tenodesis provides cost savings over arthroscopic methods of treatment. There was no significant cost difference between arthroscopic SLAP repairs and arthroscopic biceps tenodesis. Given the increased emphasis on cost containment, surgeons should be aware of the procedural costs associated with the treatment of SLAP tears.

III, retrospective cohort study.

III, retrospective cohort study.

To compare and contrast the various rehabilitation protocols for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and MPFL reconstruction plus tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) published online by academic orthopaedic surgery residency programs and private practice institutions throughout the United States.

We performed a systematic electronic search of MPFL reconstruction rehabilitation protocols in academic orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States using Google's search engine (www.google.com) based on the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access System (FREIDA). Private practice organizations publishing MPFL reconstruction or MPFL reconstruction-TTO rehabilitation protocols that were found on the first page of search results were also included, but no comprehensive search for private practice protocols was performed. Protocols specifying an MPFL reconstruction with TTO were included for separate review because of altered weight-bearing status postoperatively. plus TTO, including postoperative range of motion, weight-bearing status, and time until return to sport. Furthermore, many online protocols from academic orthopaedic surgery residency programs and private practices in the United States fail to mention several of these parameters, most notably functional testing to allow patients to return to sport.

Proper rehabilitation after MPFL reconstruction with or without TTO is an important factor to a patient's postoperative outcome. This study outlines the variability in online rehabilitation protocols after MPFL reconstruction with or without TTO published online by academic residency programs and private practice institutions.

Proper rehabilitation after MPFL reconstruction with or without TTO is an important factor to a patient's postoperative outcome. This study outlines the variability in online rehabilitation protocols after MPFL reconstruction with or without TTO published online by academic residency programs and private practice institutions.