Mccraymosegaard6346

Over the past few years, nanocarriers have become an ideal solution for safe and efficient drug delivery and release. This is mainly due to the extraordinary characteristics that nanomaterials exhibit when compared with their larger scaled forms. A variety of these carriers are more popular due to their high biocompatibility, ensuring greater efficacy especially in cancer treatments. Nanocrystal, liposomal, and micelle designs of these materials as nanocarriers for drug delivery and release have been extensively researched throughout the past 50 years. Successful applications have not only ensured a greater focus on therapeutic development but also created a new solution available in the pharmaceutical market. Herein, a brief review of research studies focused on nanocarrier materials and designs to achieve superior benefits of drugs for disease treatments is presented. Nanohydrogels, chitosan, graphene oxide, and solid lipid nanoparticle nanocarrier designs and applications are selectively given due to the great attention they have gained from being highly biocompatible and easy-to-manipulate nanocarrier options from organic and inorganic nanocarrier materials. Each summary exhibits the progress that has been achieved to date. With greater understanding of the current state in the development process of these nanomaterials, there is a rising chance to provide better treatment to patients, which is a desperate need in pharmaceutical technologies.Objectives This was a phytochemical study of endemic Ferula tenuissima roots and determined the cytotoxic activity of pure compounds on PC-3. Materials and methods Air-dried and powdered roots of F. tenuissima (1 kg) were extracted consecutively with n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3), and methanol (MeOH) (3×2 L, each) by sonication at 30°C for 24 h. The extracts were then filtered. The solvents were separately evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The compounds were isolated by chromatographic methods and their structures were determined by spectral methods (1D and 2D NMR and LC-MS). The compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities versus the PC-3 cell line by WST assay. Results A phytochemical investigation of the dried roots of endemic F. tenuissima was performed and three sesquiterpene esters were isolated. The daucane-type sesquiterpenes teferidin, ferutinin, and elaeochytrin-A were identified. In the bioactivity study, ferutinin exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity, with an IC50 value of 19.7 μM. Conclusion The results indicate that the main compounds of F. tenuissima roots are daucane sesquiterpenes and ferutinin has a potential effect on PC-3 cells.Objectives The present study was conducted to identify the phytoconstituents present in different extracts of Sargassum wightii and to assess the toxicity of its ethanol extract. Materials and methods Successive solvent extraction and total ethanol extraction of S. wightii were performed and preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. The acute toxicity of ethanol extract of S. wightii (ESW) was studied. The subchronic toxicity of ESW was tested with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The animals were observed for changes in body weight and food and water intake. At the end of the study, the relative weights of vital organs were noted, followed by histopathological examinations. selleck inhibitor Various hematological and biochemical estimations were also carried out. Results Phytochemical screening of S. wightii revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and tannins. ESW did not induce any mortality or pre-terminal death in the acute toxicity study. There were no significant differences in body weight, relative weight of vital organs (except the brain), or food or water intake compared to the control group. The histopathological examination showed normal architecture, suggesting absence of pathological lesions. Hematological and biochemical parameters were also comparable to those of the control group except for reductions in glucose and cholesterol levels, which are postulated to be beneficial. Conclusion The presence of various phytoconstituents in S. wightii is evidence that it could be a potential source for treating different ailments. No significant toxic effects were observed after treatment with ESW. Thus, it is proposed to be safe and can be recommended for long-term treatment.Objectives Leflunomide (LFNM) is a drug that belongs to isoxazole derivatives and has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. A literature search confirms that there is no method reported for the simultaneous estimation of LFNM and its related impurities A and B in pharmaceutical dosage forms or in bulk drug. Hence the present work aimed to develop a simple stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the separation and quantification of LFNM and its impurities A and B. Materials and methods Systematic trials of method conditions like mobile phase ratio, pH, flow rate, stationary phase, and detector wavelength were performed for the simultaneous analysis of LFNM and its related impurities A and B. The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines including forced degradation studies in different stress conditions. Results Optimized separation was achieved on a Thermo Scientific Hypersil ODS C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm; 5 μm id) using mobile phase composition of acetonitrile, methanol, and 0.1 M sodium perchlorate in the ratio of 403030 (v/v), pH 4.6, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in isocratic elution. UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 246 nm. Well-resolved peaks were observed with high numbers of theoretical plates, lower tailing factor, and reproducible relative retention time and response factor. The method was validated and all the validation parameters were found to be within the acceptance limits. Stability tests were done through exposure of the analyte solution to five different stress conditions, i.e. 1 N HCl, 1 N NaOH, 3% H2O2, thermal degradation of powder, and exposure to UV radiation. The method can successfully separate the degradation products along with both the impurities studied. The % degradation was also found to be less. Conclusion The method developed for LFNM is simple and precise and can be applied for the separation and quantification of LFNM and its related impurities in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.