Mccoyjohannessen5074

Background Bereavement programs provide institutions with an avenue for obtaining feedback from family members about their experiences during a patient's illness and end-of-life (EOL) period that can be used to improve both patient care and the care of bereaved individuals. Objective We examined family members' experiences about the clinical care their loved one received at EOL and the perceived effect this care had on their subsequent bereavement. Design Survey. Setting/Subjects One hundred forty bereaved family members from our cancer institute completed a bereavement survey. Of these family members, 67% were female, 66% were 60 years of age or older, and 81% were widowed. Measurement We analyzed open-ended responses using NVivo 11 Plus© that asked bereaved family members about the ways the clinical (oncology) team was helpful or not in dealing with their loss. this website Results The findings showed that compassionate care, competency, receiving honest facts, and outreach after the death favorably influenced the bereavement experience. Conversely, impersonal contact, lack of contact, including lack of caregiver support, and lack of information about EOL and death were identified as actions taken by the clinical team that were unhelpful in dealing with their loss. Conclusions The feedback from bereaved family members highlights two areas that could benefit from quality improvement efforts (1) communication skills that focus on enhancing compassionate connection, including conveying empathy, and providing reassurance and guidance to patients and their families and (2) communication skills that focus on delivering information about prognosis and the EOL period in an honest and direct way.Interleukin (IL)-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which can function as a positive or negative regulator of immune responses on multiple types of cells. The role of IL-9 was originally known in allergic disease and parasite infections. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate its presence in the tumor tissues of mice and humans, and the association between IL-9 and tumor progression has been revisited following the discovery of T helper (Th) 9 cells. Tumor-specific Th9 cells are considered to be the main subset of CD4+ T cells that produce high level of IL-9 and exhibit an IL-9-dependent robust anti-cancer function in solid tumors. IL-9 exerts an unprecedented anti-tumor immunity not only by inducing innate and adaptive immune responses but also directly promoting apoptosis of tumor cells. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest advances regarding the anti-tumor mechanisms of IL-9 and Th9 cells.Clear, sensitive and timely communication with palliative and end-of-life (EoL) patients and their families is important. Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) conversations can help patients accept their impending death and achieve a more dignified death. This research explored the experiences and communication strategies of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in palliative care when managing DNACPR conversations in the community. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with community palliative care CNSs, and the results were summarised using autoethnography. Delays in EoL discussions mean that some community palliative care CNSs are having DNACPR conversations at their first meeting with patients. Balancing being clear and sensitive is challenging, especially when patients and families have previously been informed inappropriately or insensitively about DNACPR decisions. DNACPR discussions should be initiated by exploring patient understanding and preferences while emphasising care continuation and a more dignified death.This article discusses catheter maintenance solutions, the way they are supposed to be used and the way they actually are being used in primary and community care in the UK. It discusses the knowledge that community nursing staff have regarding these solutions and the need for further education. Appropriate assessment from a suitably trained individual is recommended, resulting in both usage and cost being dramatically decreased, offering more appropriate management and the likelihood of decreasing the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). The literature surrounding catheter maintenance solutions is investigated, and the lack of available evidence is highlighted. Preliminary research exploring primary and community care nurses' knowledge of catheter maintenance solutions is also discussed.This article describes the introduction of a community nutrition specialist nurse role in Buckinghamshire. The need for this role arose from issues experienced by the large but busy district nursing team (caseload of >300 patients per day) in home enteral feeding management and troubleshooting. The post holder was appointed to support community, hospital, dietitians and industry home care nurses with nutritional screening in the community and home enteral feeding, with a greater focus on the former. The post holder was involved in the development of a community version of MUST along with a care pathway and the design of a training programme to improve district nurses' knowledge and confidence in managing malnutrition in the community. The post holder is also involved providing patients personalised advice for managing malnutrition and in referrals to the community dietetics team. Such innovations in staffing are vital if the negative impact of malnutrition on patients and the health service is to be curtailed.With the older population increasing worldwide, depressive disorder in this cohort is a serious public health problem that contributes to increased healthcare costs and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among older adults in Malaysia who attended a daycare centre and to identify the relationship between depression and demographic factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 159 older adults recruited following screening for mental capacity. The Malay Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire was distributed among the participants to obtain descriptive data on the symptoms of depression. Some 59.1% of the participants experienced depression. The most common factors associated with depression were being divorced, low education levels and low income. The findings indicate the need to revise and re-evaluate the activities and programmes in daycare centres for older adults in order to objectively cater to their physical and emotional needs.Physical activity is well documented to contribute to better mental and physical wellbeing in older adults. Physical exercise also plays a part in falls prevention, thus reducing fear of injury when exercising. Motivational interviewing to encourage exercise among older adults should be assertive yet kind, with the provision of an appropriately trained staff member, convenient fitness facilities to access and consideration of cost. Facilitators and barriers affect an older person's motivation to engage in physical exercise. Barriers include cost, physical barriers, fear of injury, low motivation, dislike of exercise, locality of the service and more. link2 In this article, the available evidence is examined to discuss the subjects of motivational interviewing, facilitators and barriers to exercise and ways to overcome the latter.A plethora of experimental and epidemiological evidence supports a critical role for inflammation and adaptive immunity in the onset of cancer and in shaping its response to therapy. These data are particularly robust for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, such as those affecting the GI tract, liver, and pancreas, on which this review is focused. We propose a unifying hypothesis according to which intestinal barrier disruption is the origin of tumor-promoting inflammation that acts in conjunction with tissue-specific cancer-initiating mutations. The gut microbiota and its products impact tissue-resident and recruited myeloid cells that promote tumorigenesis through secretion of growth- and survival-promoting cytokines that act on epithelial cells, as well as fibrogenic and immunosuppressive cytokines that interfere with the proper function of adaptive antitumor immunity. Understanding these relationships should improve our ability to prevent cancer development and stimulate the immune system to eliminate existing malignancies. link3 Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 38 is April 26, 2020. Please see http//www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.District-level initiatives to improve maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) generally do not take governance as their primary lens on health system strengthening. This paper is a case study of a district and sub-district governance mechanism, the Monitoring and Response Unit (MRU), which aimed to improve MNCH outcomes in two districts of South Africa. The MRU was introduced as a decision-making and accountability structure, and constituted of a "triangle" of managers, clinicians and information officers. An independent evaluation of the MRU initiative was conducted, three years after establishment, involving interviews with 89 district actors. Interviewees reported extensive changes in the scope, quality and organization of MNCH services, attributing these to the introduction of the MRU and enhanced support from district clinicians. We describe both the formal and informal aspects of the MRU as a governance mechanism, and then consider the pathways through which the MRU plausibly acted as a catalyst for change, using the institutional constructs of credible commitment, coordination and cooperation. In particular, the MRU promoted the formation of non-hierarchical collaborative networks; improved coordination between community, PHC and hospital services; and shaped collective sense-making in positive ways. We conclude that innovations in governance could add significant value to the district health system strengthening for improved MNCH. However, this requires a shift in focus from strengthening the front-line of service delivery, to change at the meso-level of sub-district and district decision-making; and from purely technical, data-driven to more holistic approaches that engage collective mindsets, widen participation in decision-making and nurture political leadership skills.Background Limited research studies have been conducted on nutritional risks among female athletes. Therefore, this literature review focuses on rigorously designed studies that examined nutritional risks among female athletes with further recommendations for athletes, coaches, parents, and health professionals, which would help improve the health of female athletes. Methods This review evaluates the most recent research on nutritional risk among female athletes. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed studies of original research on human subjects 13 years of age or older; sample size of N ≥ 19; and studies with a thorough description of their sample and methods. A systematic search of the databases PubMed and Cochrane for published studies (from year 2000 to year 2019) was conducted to identify articles that met inclusion criteria. Bibliographies of identified articles were also searched for relevant articles. Results Of the 11 studies that met our inclusion criteria, most were mainly cross-sectional in design with few rigorous controls.