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LVAD support or OHT should also be encouraged among HIV-positive patients as current data indicates that AHFT is safe in carefully selected HIV-positive patients and outcomes are similar to those of HIV-negative patients. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.AIMS To investigate the impact of limited health literacy on 1-year hospital readmission among both older men and women with heart failure. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 286 patients with heart failure (men = 144, women = 142) aged 65 years or older at baseline from two tertiary hospitals were enrolled from June-November 2017. Onalespib Patients were followed up until November 2018. The Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool was used to assess baseline health literacy. One-year readmission after discharge was assessed via medical records or telephone interview. A hierarchical logistic regression was performed. RESULTS The prevalence rates of limited health literacy and 1-year hospital readmission among older women were 74.7% and 35.9%, respectively, compared with 48.6% and 27.1% in older men. Limited health literacy significantly increased the risk of 1-year hospital readmission in both older men and women with heart failure. More importantly, older women with limited health literacy had a much highWiley & Sons Ltd.Mendelian randomization (MR) study has become a powerful approach to assess the potential causal effect of a risk exposure on an outcome. Most current MR studies are conducted under the two-sample setting by combining summary data from two separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS), with one providing measures on associations between genetic markers and the risk exposure, and the other on associations between genetic markers and the outcome. We develop a power calculation procedure for the general two-sample MR study, allowing for the use of multiple genetic markers, and shared participants between the two GWAS. This procedure requires a few easy-to-interpret parameters and is validated through extensive simulation studies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Monitoring of superficial mycoses requires more attention due to their important incidence, health costs and antifungal drugs consumption. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to estimate the burden of superficial mycoses in Belgium and to assess trends in associated antifungal consumption. METHODS The burden of dermatophytoses (including onychomycosis), as well as skin and genital candidiasis, was estimated using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Moreover, trends in systemic and topical antifungal consumption in ambulatory care were examined for the period 2010-2017, together with their associated costs. RESULTS Due to their high incidence and long treatment duration, dermatophytoses represented the bulk of the burden, accounting for 92.2% of the total DALYs of superficial mycoses. Terbinafine was the most prescribed antifungal in terms of doses (35.4% of the total doses) while fluconazole was the most delivered drug in terms of packages (29.1% of the total packages). More than 70% of the prescriptions were made by general practitioners while consumption varied according to age and gender of the patients. A global 12% decrease in antifungal prescriptions was observed between 2011 and 2017. However, this reduction would result mainly from packaging changes and increased self-medication. A significant decrease in itraconazole treatments was notably compensated by an increased prescription of fluconazole packages. CONCLUSION This study emphasises that dermatological presentations of superficial mycoses are the most important in terms of both burden and antifungal consumption in Belgium. Further reduction in antifungals use can be achieved by applying the adequate treatment after identification of the causative agent. © 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.Previous studies have suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels may be altered in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic stress. We investigated, through systematic review and meta-analysis, whether the mean levels of NPY are significantly different in patients with MDD, PTSD or chronic stress, compared to controls. The main outcome was the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals between cases and controls, using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. Thirty-five studies met eligibility criteria. Meta-regression determined that medication and sex could explain 27% of the between-study variance. Females and participants currently prescribed psychotropic medications had significantly higher levels of NPY. NPY levels were significantly lower in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PTSD patients versus controls. Patients with MDD had significantly lower levels of NPY in plasma compared to controls, but not in the CSF. The magnitudes of the decrease in plasma NPY levels were not significantly different between PTSD and MDD. However, chronic stress patients had significantly higher plasma NPY levels compared to controls, PTSD or MDD. Our findings may imply a shared role of NPY in trauma and depression nevertheless, it is not clear that the association is specific to these disorders. Psychotropic medications may help restore NPY levels. Further controlled studies are needed to better delineate the contribution of confounding variables such as type of depression, body mass index, appetite or sleep architecture. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) induces hemostatic alterations that may contribute to hematological complications. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the mainstay antithrombotic in ECMO and depends on antithrombin III (AT III) to exhibit its actions. However, it bears the risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Bivalirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor and is inherently not dependent on AT III. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the efficacy and safety profiles of UFH compared with bivalirudin during ECMO support. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 52 adult patients who were supported by ECMO from 1 January 2013 to 1 September 2018. Among them, 33 received UFH and 19 received bivalirudin. We analyzed their 7-day rate of composite thrombotic, bleeding, and mortality episodes while on anticoagulation. RESULTS There were no statistical differences in the 7-day rate of composite thrombosis (33.3% vs 26.3%; P = 0.60), major bleeding (18.2% vs 5.3%; P = .24), 30-day mortality, (42.4% vs 26.3%; P = .