Mccollumpreston7021

Skeletal homeostasis critically depends on the proper anabolic functioning of osteolineage cells. Proliferation and matrix synthesis are highly demanding in terms of biosynthesis and bioenergetics, but the nutritional requirements that support these processes in bone-forming cells are not fully understood. Here, we show that glutamine metabolism is a major determinant of osteoprogenitor function during bone mass accrual. Genetic inactivation of the rate-limiting enzyme glutaminase 1 (GLS1) results in decreased postnatal bone mass, caused by impaired biosynthesis and cell survival. Mechanistically, we uncovered that GLS1-mediated glutamine catabolism supports nucleotide and amino acid synthesis, required for proliferation and matrix production. In addition, glutamine-derived glutathione prevents accumulation of reactive oxygen species and thereby safeguards cell viability. The pro-anabolic role of glutamine metabolism was further underscored in a model of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone formation. PTH administration increases glutamine uptake and catabolism, and GLS1 deletion fully blunts the PTH-induced osteoanabolic response. Taken together, our findings indicate that glutamine metabolism in osteoprogenitors is indispensable for bone formation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

Much of our knowledge of childhood asthma comes from questionnaire-based studies. Our main aim was to assess the agreement between parental-reported data at 12years of age and data from two national Swedish registers.

Data were obtained from the prospective, longitudinal, population-based Children of Western Sweden cohort, which focused on children born in 2003. The parents answered questionnaires at sixmonths and one, four, eightand 12years of age. Personal identity numbers linked 3634 children to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) and the National Patient Register (NPR).

At 12years of age, there was substantial overall agreement between the asthma medication reported by the parents in the questionnaire and the SPDR for any asthma medication (94.8%, kappa 0.71) and maintenance treatment (95.3%, kappa 0.68). In contrast, the agreement between the outpatient asthma diagnoses in the NPR and the questionnaire-based asthma was 30.5% and it was 32.8% between the NPR and the dispensed asthma medication in the SPDR. Hospitalization was rare for obstructive diseases after early childhood, and 38.2% of the 12-year-old children only received a short-acting beta agonist, with no maintenance treatment.

There was good agreement between the questionnaire-based data on asthma medication and the national drug register, but the National Patient Register provided incomplete information on asthma diagnoses, probably because it did not include primary care diagnoses. The results show that well-constructed parental questionnaires can provide reliable data on childhood asthma.

There was good agreement between the questionnaire-based data on asthma medication and the national drug register, but the National Patient Register provided incomplete information on asthma diagnoses, probably because it did not include primary care diagnoses. The results show that well-constructed parental questionnaires can provide reliable data on childhood asthma.The goal of the current study was to investigate the socio-demographic, psychiatric, and criminological characteristics of female violent offenders with mental disorders involuntarily committed to a forensic psychiatric hospital. The present study was a population-based retrospective case series including all female offenders with mental disorders found not guilty by reason of insanity by the criminal courts in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and involuntarily committed to a forensic psychiatric facility (n = 27). Patients were assessed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. We found that most offenders were Afro-Brazilian, uneducated unmarried women. Schizophrenia with active psychotic symptoms was the most common clinical condition. Relatives were the frequent victims of aggressive behavior. Most patients had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder and placed under psychiatric treatment, but poor adherence and treatment dropout were common. Violent behavior in psychiatrically ill female patients is associated with a specific socio-demographic and clinical profile and is thus potentially amenable to prevention particularly if the mental health and social services are to provide the much-needed support for economically, socially, and psychologically vulnerable women.

Large birthweight discrepancy has been identified as a risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality in twin pregnancies. However, it remains unclear whether such discordance can be predicted by various biological indices with specific cut-off values, and how these depend on the gestational age. We aimed to determine the most effective way to predict large birthweight discordance at various gestational ages.

A retrospective cohort study of dichorionic twins, live-born between 2008 and 2018, was conducted. Discordances in biparietal diameter, head circumference, humerus and femur length, abdominal circumference, and estimated fetal weight were calculated-([larger twin-smaller twin]/larger twin)×100%-and compared between those with and without a large birthweight discordance (≥20%). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to analyze the predictive characteristics of each parameter.

Of 598 dichorionic twin pregnancies included, 83 (13.9%) had a birthweight discordance ≥20%. Group diffated fetal weight discordance in the third trimester.

Different predictors and cut-off values may be useful for predicting large inter-twin birthweight discordance in dichorionic twins at different gestational ages. It is more accurate to use biparietal diameter and head circumference discordance in the early second trimester, humerus length discordance in the late second trimester, and estimated fetal weight discordance in the third trimester.

The amino acid sequence of prion protein (PrP) is a key determinant in the transmissibility of prion diseases. While PrP sequence is highly conserved among mammalian species, minor changes in the PrP amino acid sequence may confer alterations in the transmissibility of prion diseases. Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE) is the only zoonotic prion strain reported to date causing variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) in humans, although experimental transmission points to atypical L-BSE and some classical scrapie isolates as also zoonotic. The precise molecular elements in the human PrP sequence that limit the transmissibility of prion strains such as sheep/goat scrapie or cervid chronic wasting disease (CWD) are not well known.

The transmissibility of a panel of diverse prions from different species was compared in transgenic mice expressing either wild-type human PrP

(MDE-HuTg340) or a mutated human PrP

harbouring Val

-Gln

amino acid changes (VDQ-HuTg372) in the β2-α2 loop instead of Met

-Glu

wild-type variants.

VDQ-HuTg372 mice were more susceptible to prions than MDE-HuTg340 mice in a strain-dependent manner.

Met

-Glu

amino acid residues present in wild-type human PrP

are molecular determinants that limit the propagation of most prion strains assayed in the human PrP context.

Met166 -Glu168 amino acid residues present in wild-type human PrPC are molecular determinants that limit the propagation of most prion strains assayed in the human PrP context.

Skin lipids are essential in every compartment of the skin where they play a key role in various biological functions. Santacruzamate A ic50 Interestingly, their role is central in the maintenance of hydration which is related to skin barrier function and in the skin structure through adipose tissue. It is well described today that skin lipids are affected by ageing giving skin sagging, wrinkles and dryness. Thereby, developing cosmetic actives able to reactivate skin lipids would be an efficient ant-ageing strategy. Due to the strong commitment of our scientists to innovate responsibly and create value, they designed a high value active ingredient named here as Vetiver extract, using a ground-breaking upcycling approach. We evidenced that this unique extract was able to reactivate globally the skin lipids production, bringing skin hydration and plumping effect for mature skin.

In order to demonstrate the global renewal of lipids, we evaluated the lipids synthesis on cutaneous cells that produce lipids such as keratinocytes, s and their conformation. Vetiver extract induced an improvement of skin fatigue and a plumping effect by acting deeply on adipose tissue.

In conclusion, we developed an active ingredient able to bring anti-ageing effect for mature skin by a global increase of skin lipids.

In conclusion, we developed an active ingredient able to bring anti-ageing effect for mature skin by a global increase of skin lipids.

This paper explores a range of perinatal risk factors that may increase maternal vulnerability to postnatal psychological distress in a sample of 17531 women participating in the Millennium Cohort Study, a diverse British, longitudinal birth cohort study.

Using a graphical network modeling framework, this study models the links between postnatal psychological distress and perinatal risk factors, while controlling for sociodemographic factors and history of depression and anxiety. Postnatal psychological distress was assessed at 9months postpartum using the Rutter Malaise Inventory.

Results of the graphical network models indicate that lower levels of happiness about the pregnancy (Edge weight [w]=0.084, 95% CI=0.069-0.100, b=0.095), smoking during pregnancy (w=0.026, 95% CI=-0.009-0.060, b=0.029), infection during pregnancy (w=0.071, 95% CI=0.024-0.118, b=0.090), hyperemesis gravidarum (w=0.068, 95% CI=0.013-0.123, b=0.083), baby in special care (w=0.048, 95% CI=-0.004-0.099, b=0.062), not being white (w=0.101, 95% CI=0.062-0.140, b=0.118), being from a more deprived area (w=-0.028, 95% CI=-0.051 to -0.005, b=-0.039), lower income (w=-0.025, 95% CI=-0.055-0.005, b=-0.036), and history of depression or anxiety (w=0.574, 95% CI=0.545-0.603, b=0.764) were associated with increased psychological distress.

Some perinatal risk factors may be directly associated with postnatal psychological distress, but many risk factors appear to be primarily associated with demographic factors. This emphasizes the importance of taking a holistic approach when evaluating an individual's risk of developing postnatal psychological distress.

Some perinatal risk factors may be directly associated with postnatal psychological distress, but many risk factors appear to be primarily associated with demographic factors. This emphasizes the importance of taking a holistic approach when evaluating an individual's risk of developing postnatal psychological distress.Vertebral fractures (VFx) are common among older adults. Epidemiological studies report high occurrence of VFx at mid-thoracic and thoracolumbar regions of the spine; however, reasons for this observation remain poorly understood. Prior reports of high ratios of spinal loading to vertebral strength in the thoracolumbar region suggest a possible biomechanical explanation. However, no studies have evaluated load-to-strength ratios (LSRs) throughout the spine for a large number of activities in a sizeable cohort. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional study in a sample of adult men and women from a population-based cohort to 1) determine which activities cause the largest vertebral LSRs, and 2) examine patterns of LSRs along the spine for these high-load activities. We used subject-specific musculoskeletal models of the trunk to determine vertebral compressive loads for 109 activities in 250 individuals (aged 41 to 90 years, 50% women) from the Framingham Heart Study. Vertebral compressive strengths from T4 to L4 were calculated from computed tomography-based vertebral size and bone density measurements.