Mcclurepurcell3157

Background  Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) do not require monitoring. Measurement of DOAC effect would be useful in the event of bleeding, trauma, and thromboembolism while on anticoagulation. check details We evaluated the effectiveness of the investigational DOAC assays on the TEG®6s Hemostasis Analyzer to assess the anticoagulant effect of DOACs in patients treated for atrial fibrillation or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods  Patients on treatment for a minimum of 7 days with standard doses of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban were included. DOAC plasma concentrations and TEG®6s Reaction (R)-time were measured and correlated. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of R-time to detect DOAC concentrations of ≥30, ≥50, and ≥100 ng/mL were calculated. Results  A total of 189 patients were included, ( n  = 50) on apixaban, ( n  = 62) on rivaroxaban, ( n  = 53) on dabigatran, and ( n  = 24) on no DOAC were studied. Using the direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) channel, R-time demonstrated strong linear correlation with dabigatran levels (r = 0.93, p   less then  0.0001). Using the antifactor Xa (AFXa) channel, R-time demonstrated strong nonlinear correlation with rivaroxaban and apixaban levels ( r s  = 0.92 and 0.84, respectively, p   less then  0.0001 for both). R-time revealed strong sensitivity and NPV in detecting low DOAC levels for the predefined concentrations. Conclusion  R-time measured by TEG®6s DOAC-specific cartridge has a strong correlation with concentrations of the most commonly used DOACs with high sensitivity and NPV for detecting lower drug levels that are considered clinically relevant for patients in need of antidote, or prior to urgent surgery. Further studies to determine the relation of R-time to clinical outcomes are warranted.Here, a micropatterning strategy is demonstrated to achieve stable and selective MXene adsorption through the molecularly driven assembly. MXene flakes were assembled by strong interaction with a silicon substrate, which was functionalized by microcontact printing (μCP) to create an active surface. A clear micropattern was observed by scanning electron microscopy showing uniform coverage of MXene flakes. Atomic force microscopy revealed a pattern thickness of around 50 nm, much thinner than the patterns obtained by direct μCP. The obtained micropattern presents good stability against rinsing and sonication. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that this stability can be attributed to strong covalent bonding between MXene and active molecules on a silicon substrate. The sheet resistance of the as-formed MXene layer was measured at around 154.67 (Ω/□), which is lower than those of other published techniques with a similar thickness of around 50 nm. This method can achieve a well-defined MXene pattern around the sub-100 μm scale without requiring prior MXene surface modification. Therefore, MXene can retain its intrinsic surface property, allowing further molecule adsorption as a sensing platform. Moreover, this patterning technique does not require complicated control of ink preparation and offers possible application on a substrate of any geometry with few layers of thickness.The reactivity of vinyl epoxides/oxetanes/cyclopropanes toward arynes has been demonstrated under mild conditions to give the corresponding phenanthrenes in moderate to good yields. This transition-metal-free cascade process involves a series of Diels-Alder reaction, ring-opening aromatization, and ene reaction. Various functionalized phenanthrenes could be synthesized utilizing the versatile hydroxy group. Interestingly, vinyl epoxides/oxiranes experience preferentially the Diels-Alder reaction toward arynes over nucleophilic attack of epoxides/oxiranes.Phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP or phenol red), a sulfonphthalein dye, has been used as a diagnostic agent and a pH indicator in cell culture medium. After administered into the body, PSP is excreted into urine and bile. The urinary excretion of PSP is mediated by organic anion transporter 1/3 (OAT1/3) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). In biliary excretion, PSP is effluxed from hepatocytes into the bile via MRP2. However, so far, the molecular mechanism for PSP transport from the blood into hepatocytes is unclear. In the present study, six human major hepatic uptake transporters expressed on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, namely, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), and OAT2, have been investigated to see whether they are involved in the hepatic uptake of PSP. An in vitro cell-based study demonstrated that PSP is a substrate for OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1, with OATP1B3 showing the highest transport efficiency. The K m values for OATP1B1-, OATP1B3-, and OATP2B1-mediated PSP uptake were 11.3 ± 1.5, 7.0 ± 1.5, and 5.1 ± 1.0 μM, respectively. PSP interacts with known OATP substrates/inhibitors. However, the presence of PSP in cell culture medium has no significant effect on OATP's function. In vivo pharmacokinetic study in wild-type and Oatp1b2-knockout mice showed that Oatp1b2-knockout led to elevated plasma concentration and decreased liver accumulation of PSP. Taken together, the present study showed that in the liver, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 are involved in the uptake of PSP from the blood into hepatocytes, which, along with MRP2-mediated efflux of PSP from hepatocytes into the bile, constitute the vectorial transport of PSP from the blood to the bile and may play a critical role in the biliary excretion of PSP.In the deep mining process of coal seams, the mechanical environment of the coal body is complex and in the state of cyclic loading and unloading. The change in the stress state leads to the change in the pore characteristics and the permeability. To investigate the effects of cyclic loading and unloading on the pore characteristics and the permeability of coal, the seepage experiment was carried out for the coal samples using the self-developed triaxial permeation instrument. By pressure confining and continuous cyclic loading and unloading, the evolution of the porosity and the permeability of the coal samples was investigated. Under the condition of the experiment, the influences of the initial value of the confining pressure and the cyclic load amplitude on the evolution of the permeability and the pore structure characteristics of the coal samples were clarified. The experimental results showed that the porosity and the permeability decreased exponentially with an increase in the number of loading and unc loading and unloading, and the change in the cyclic load amplitude had a significant effect on this relationship. The influences of the cyclic load amplitude and the confining pressure on the stress sensitivity of the coal samples were considered, and the change factor of the stress sensitivity was introduced into the relationship between the porosity and the permeability. This relationship was established considering cyclic loading and unloading.Interwell interference is a universal problem in shale gas development and can cause severe reductions in the productivity of producing wells. Studies have attempted to identify the root cause of interference in producing wells, but the mechanisms of production reduction and recovery in impacted wells are still not clear. Thus, an effective preventive strategy is needed for producing wells when fracturing is performed in adjacent wells. According to the mechanism of spontaneous imbibition and water drainage in shale mico- and nanoscale pores, this paper introduces the water-gas distribution during fracturing and production and reveals that water drainage in micro- and nanoscale pores is mainly controlled by the amount of stored gas and follows the order of pore size. Based on this analysis, the mechanism by which interwell interference impacts the production of producing wells is explained for the first time. It is concluded that the secondary water invasion caused by interwell interference completely blocks the pores associated with long-term gas production but has little influence on the pores that have not yet drained or have produced only a small amount of gas, and smaller pores face a greater risk of water blockage. The proportion of drained pores formed during long-term gas production determines the effect of interwell interference on production; when more pores are drained by long-term gas production, greater damage occurs to the productivity of the producing well. The suggestion for preventing interwell interference is to reduce the time interval between fracturing operations at two adjacent wells, thereby diminishing the reduction in production.Source rocks of the Mohe Basin, Northeast China are gas-prone and the organic matter has advanced to late oil-generation stages, producing condensate and natural gas. This provides suitable conditions for the Mohe Basin to become one of the most prolific terrestrial natural gas hydrate (NGH)-bearing areas in China. Knowing this, here we predict the depth and thickness of pure methane hydrate stability zones (HSZs) and gas hydrate stability zones (GHSZs) via simulating the hydrate-phase equilibrium and other formation P-T conditions. Furthermore, factors that have a major impact on the occurrence of HSZs are discussed. Results showed that the composition of gas (guest) molecules and the geothermal gradient are the two most controlling factors on HSZs. Moreover, it was found that a pure methane HSZ with a thickness of about 255 m can form in areas with a geothermal gradient of 1.6 °C/100 m. Furthermore, a wet gas HSZ with a thickness of at least 735 m can be expected when the geothermal gradient reaches 2.3 °C/100 m, with top and bottom depth limits at 115 and 850 m, respectively. Ultimately, a pure methane HSZ can still form in the abnormally high-pressured areas when the geothermal gradient is up to 2.0 °C/100 m. Overall, HSZs can occur due to the combined effect of formation temperature, pressure, and gas composition. Finally, based on the results from this study and drilling data, future successful hydrate drilling schemes can be implemented in the Mohe Basin and similar terrestrial areas.Finding an effective strategy to promote the charge transfer and separation of TiO2 is urgently needed. Herein, a surface fluorination (F-)-modified TiO2 (denoted as TO-xF, where x represents the volume of HF added in the solution) catalyst has been prepared by a mild and facile post-treatment method. The changes induced by surface F- on the morphological, structural, and surface electronic features and the charge separation and transfer efficiency of TiO2 were specifically examined. Compared with pristine TO, TO-0.4F exhibits enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and phenol, production of hydroxyl radicals, and photocurrent response. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of TO-0.4F can be attributed to the role of surface F- as surface trapping sites in effectively boosting the charge transfer and separation processes, which is verified by the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Bode plot, transient photocurrent response, and open-circuit voltage measurements.