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All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. KT 474 All rights reserved.The skin microbiome plays a central role in inflammatory skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD). In AD patients, an imbalance between pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and resident skin symbionts creates a state of dysbiosis which induces immune dysregulation and impairs skin barrier function. There are now exciting new prospects for microbiome-based interventions for AD prevention. In the hopes of achieving sustained control and management of disease in AD patients, current emerging biotherapeutic strategies aim to harness the skin microbiome associated with health by restoring a more diverse symbiotic skin microbiome, while selectively removing pathogenic S. aureus. Examples of such strategies are demonstrated in skin microbiome transplants, phage-derived anti-S. aureus endolysins, monoclonal antibodies and quorum sensing inhibitors. However, further understanding of the skin microbiome and its role in AD pathogenesis is still needed to understand how these biotherapeutics alter the dynamics of the microbiome community; to optimize patient selection, drug delivery, and treatment duration; overcome rapid recolonization upon treatment cessation; and improve efficacy to allow these therapeutic options to eventually reach routine clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), a major cause of maternal mortality, has several known risk factors but frequently occurs unexpectedly. PPH incidence and related maternal morbidity and mortality are rising worldwide. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of defined prepartum blood coagulation parameters on postpartum blood loss. METHODS This single-center, prospective cohort study analyzed prepartum activities of coagulation factors II and XIII and fibrinogen levels in 1300 women. Blood samples were obtained at labor onset and analyzed only after the last patient had delivered, ensuring to prevent a potential treatment bias. Blood loss was quantified using a validated technique. The influence of coagulation factors on measured bloss was assessed by continuous outcome logistic regression. RESULTS Prepartum factor XIII activity strongly influenced measured blood loss every one unit (%) increase in prepartum factor XIII was associated with an odds ratio of 1.011 (95% confidence interval, 1.006 to 1.015; P less then 0.001) to keep blood loss below any given cut-off level. For illustration, this suggests that a 30% increase in factor XIII activity increases the odds of not suffering PPH (defined as blood loss ≥500 ml) by 38.9%. This effect remained significant after stratification for the delivery mode, when correcting for other risk factors and was independent of the statistical model used. Factor II but not fibrinogen had a partially comparable, but much less pronounced effect. CONCLUSION In the largest population analyzed for the influence of prepartum coagulation factors on PPH to date, prepartum factor XIII activity had a strong impact on postpartum blood loss across every statistical model and clinical subgroup. Our hypothesis that early replenishment of factor XIII levels might constitute a new tool in the prevention and effective early treatment of PPH should be evaluated in future trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Feedback can be an important element of learning, but only if students engage with it. Students are only likely to engage with feedback that they find useful. This study aimed to identify characteristics of written feedback perceived by students as effective. We used a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data that were collected through the analysis of feedback that was identified by students as good, a student questionnaire, as well as interviews and a focus group exploring students' views on what good feedback looks like. Although the results show that length and composition of 'good' feedback can be extremely variable, some common characteristics could be identified, leading to a set of recommendations for staff marking written assessments. According to students, good feedback should be detailed and specific, and it should tell students how they can improve. Students also find it important that feedback is honest and constructive. In addition, positive reinforcement was identified as important by the focus group, although few examples of good written feedback on the assignment contained any direct praise. Surprisingly, feedforward which might help students in other modules did not feature highly in students' perceptions of good feedback, possibly indicating a focus by students on improving the current assignment rather than on future assignments. © 2020 The Authors. FEBS Open Bio published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.AIMS To examine the impact of palliative care on acute care hospitalizations, survival, symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a systematic search of publications through CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE originally up to July 2017, and then updated to June 2019. The study was registered (PROSPERO ID CRD42017069685) prior to its initiation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included that tested an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention (compared to usual care) primarily in a heart failure population. Main outcomes assessed were hospitalizations, mortality, QOL, and symptom burden. Ten independent RCTs were selected, representing a total of 1050 participants (921 with a diagnosis of heart failure). Compared with usual care, palliative care interventions were associated with a substantial reduction in hospitalizations [odds ratio 0.56 (0.33-0.94); four trials; I2  = 27%], modest improvement in QOL [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.45; seven trials; I2  = 15%], and modest reduction in symptom burden (SMD -0.29; 95% CI -0.54-0.03; three trials; I2  = 15%). There was no clear adverse impact on mortality. Most studies had methodological limitations that increased the risk of biases. CONCLUSION Compared to usual care, palliative care interventions substantially reduce hospitalizations, with no clear adverse effect on survival. Effects on QOL and symptom burden appear to be modest, and indicate that further efforts to improve these patient centred outcomes are needed. © 2020 European Society of Cardiology.