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re study can focus on association between increased levels of serum cortisol and postoperative wound healing where patients can be divided into two groups one receiving pre-operative stress reduction protocol and other not receiving the same.

We have concluded from this study that the serum cortisol level shows significant increase on the day of surgery. A future study can focus on association between increased levels of serum cortisol and postoperative wound healing where patients can be divided into two groups one receiving pre-operative stress reduction protocol and other not receiving the same.

The aim of the study was to find the suitable situation for the fixation of "six" hole miniplates in open reduction and internal fixation of displaced and nondisplaced unilateral angle of the mandible fractures.

Displaced, nondisplaced, simple, compound (linear and noncomminuted) isolated unilateral angle fractures with or without occlusal derangement were included in this study.

Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis.

The parameters assessed preoperatively and postoperatively were mouth opening, occlusion, neurosensory deficit such as paresthesia, intraoperative time, stability of fragments, and access to the retromolar trigone which showed that the six-hole titanium miniplate was clinically useful in special clinical situations when compared to four-hole titanium miniplate.

To conclude, six-hole titanium miniplate was clinically useful when compared to four-hole titanium miniplate in the following special clinical situations such as bone loss following extraction of third molar, no posterior occlusion and instability of fracture moderately displaced fracture needs more stability.

To conclude, six-hole titanium miniplate was clinically useful when compared to four-hole titanium miniplate in the following special clinical situations such as bone loss following extraction of third molar, no posterior occlusion and instability of fracture moderately displaced fracture needs more stability.

The aim of this study was to compare 2 mm conventional miniplates with three-dimensional (3D) strut plates in the treatment of mandibular fractures treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a college in India, during 2012-2015.

All 20 patients with mandible fracture requiring open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture were reported and reviewed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the same dental college in India, during 2012-2015. We classified the data according to the gender, age, etiology, fracture site, and method of treatment of the fractures. Fixation done in 10 patients with 2 mm conventional miniplates kept in Group I, while 10 patients with 3D strut miniplate system considered in Group II.

Assessment of patient was done under the following parameters with follow-up at regular intervals at 2

day postoperatively and at 1

, 3

, and 6

weeks postoperatively pain, swelling, infection, interincisal mouth opening in millimeters, paresthesia/anesthesia, mobility between fracture fragments, overall occlusion, need for any supplemental fixation, fate of implant, and complications.

3D titanium miniplates showed similar results when compared to standard titanium miniplates with advantages such as reduction in operative time, ease of placement, and cost-effective over the conventional plate system.

3D titanium miniplates showed similar results when compared to standard titanium miniplates with advantages such as reduction in operative time, ease of placement, and cost-effective over the conventional plate system.

Orbital floor fractures are common among mid-face fractures. The general aim of treatment is to restore orbital volume and anatomy with grafts or reconstructive materials. Malpositioning of the implants and inadequate volume restorations are common complications of these procedures. The aim of our study is to present the surgical outcomes of orbital reconstruction aided by our algorithm of patient-specific virtual planning.

The current study was performed on 77 patients with orbital wall fractures who were categorized into two groups Group A - 42 patients (virtual planning) and Group B - 35 patients (traditional approach). Eganelisib in vitro Criteria of analysis included the presence of diplopia postoperatively and duration of surgical procedures.

Diplopia was recorded right after surgery in 16 cases (38.1%) of Group A and in 12 cases (34.3%) of Group B. However, 6 months postreconstruction, residual diplopia was recorded in 4 cases (9.5%) of Group A and in 12 cases (34.3%) of Group B. Mean operation time in Group A for the patients with isolated zygoma fracture was 2.23 h; for isolated orbital wall fracture was 1.98 h; and for combined zygoma, orbital wall, and facial bone fracture was 3.07 h. In Group B, these indexes were 3.47, 2.05, and 3.31 h, respectively.

Application of virtual planning could significantly improve postoperative outcomes in orbital reconstruction. However, application of this technology could be limited by complicated defects of the orbital walls, which would require complex shape of the implant that might be difficult to be prevent virtually.

Application of virtual planning could significantly improve postoperative outcomes in orbital reconstruction. However, application of this technology could be limited by complicated defects of the orbital walls, which would require complex shape of the implant that might be difficult to be prevent virtually.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes by sequence-specific binding to mRNA to either promote or block its translation; they can also act as tumor suppressors (e.g., let-7b, miR-29a, miR-99, mir-100, miR-155, and miR-181) and/or oncogenes (e.g., miR-29a, miR-125b, miR-143-p3, mir-155, miR-181, miR-183, miR-196b, and miR-223) in childhood acute leukemia (AL). Differentially expressed miRNAs are important factors associated with the initiation and progression of AL. As shown in many studies, they can be used as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which are useful in monitoring early stages of AL development or during therapy (e.g., miR-125b, miR-146b, miR-181c, and miR-4786), accurate classification of different cellular or molecular AL subgroups (e.g., let-7b, miR-98, miR-100, miR-128b, and miR-223), and identification and development of new therapeutic agents (e.g., mir-10, miR-125b, miR-203, miR-210, miR-335). Specific miRNA patterns have also been described for commonly used AL therapy drugs (e.