Mccartneychang8711

The prevalence and effects of airway diseases, including asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis (EB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) have not been thoroughly studied in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of airway diseases in patients with IPF and to identify the differences in symptoms based on the presence of airway diseases.

This single-institution prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2017 to September 2018, at the Seoul National University Hospital. Spirometry with bronchodilator, methacholine bronchial provocation test, induced sputum with eosinophil stain, and exhaled nitric oxide were performed to confirm the presence of airway disease. The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test (CAT), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index, and cough-specific quality of life questionnaire (CQLQ) data were collected to assess symptom severity.

Total 147 patients with IPF were screened, and 70 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of airway diseases in the participants was as follows 5.0% had COPD, 1.7% had asthma, 3.3% had ACO, and 1.7% had EB. The mMRC, CAT, SGRQ, EQ-5D, and CQLQ scores did not differ regardless of combined airway disease. After 3 months, the SGRQ (p = 0.028) and CQLQ (p = 0.030) scores were significantly higher in patients with airway disease than in those without.

The prevalence of airway diseases in patients with IPF is low, but when airway diseases are accompanied by IPF, symptom severity and quality of life may worsen rapidly.

The prevalence of airway diseases in patients with IPF is low, but when airway diseases are accompanied by IPF, symptom severity and quality of life may worsen rapidly.Dr. Akt inhibitor Abolghasem Bahrami was among the generation of Iranian scientists in the early twentieth century who gained most of their knowledge through resources available inside the country. Educated at Dar-ul-Funun Medical School, he was a physician with a great talent in learning, especially self-teaching natural sciences and European languages. He joined the Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI) at the early days of its foundation and became an integral contributor to this institution during the first twenty-five years of its mission. One of his first assignments at IPI was to help initiating an anti-rabies department by bringing back the rabies vaccine and its manufacturing equipment from Institut Pasteur of Paris. During his IPI years, aside from managerial tasks, he actively participated in upgrading the medical treatments and protocols used for controlling many infectious diseases. He functioned twice as the provisional director of IPI (1925-1926 and 1937-1946) and is considered as the first Iranian director of the Institute. Meanwhile, Dr. Bahrami was a significant contributor to the public health system and assumed several responsibilities such as Chief Quarantine Medical Officer, Chief of Public Health, and the Head of Public Health Administration, in order to improve public health planning throughout the country.Human induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into specific cell types or tissues of the eye in humans and have application prospects in retinal cell transplantation, corneal transplantation, and lens regeneration. Gene editing technology of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/crispr-associated protein-9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) can introduce causative mutations of inherited ocular diseases into human induced pluripotent stem cells effectively. Then they can be further differentiated into specific somatic cells maintaining a genetic disease background, which can mimic the occurrence of inherited ocular diseases in vitro. The cell model may help scientists study the mechanism of human disease development, establish an in vitro screening platform to find therapeutic drugs, and correct genetic mutations in the human genome for cell therapy. The combination of stem cells and gene editing technology is revolutionizing the regenerative medicine in ophthalmology and gene therapy of inherited ocular diseases. This review summarizes the current application of human induced pluripotent stem cells and its combination with gene editing technology in the study of inherited ocular diseases. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57 712-716).Glaucoma is a serious irreversible blinding disease. The pathogenesis is still unknown, and the diagnosis and treatment effect is not good. An effective early diagnosis method is urgently needed. In recent years, a number of glaucoma-related biomarkers have been discovered. In order to promote clinical application of these biomarkers, a series of studies are actively carried out to clarify specificity and sensitivity of these molecules, to verify the criteria by clinical randomized controlled trials, and to provide large sample data by multi-center clinical trials. However, the samples of these biomarkers are provided by patients who have been diagnosed with glaucoma by clinical examinations. The differences may represent the molecular features of middle-stage and advanced glaucoma. Whether they are helpful for early diagnosis and the exploration of pathological mechanisms should be further investigated. This article describes the potential molecular targets that can help in diagnosis of glaucoma from the aspects of DNA, RNA and protein, and discusses further research pathways and clinical application prospects. It is hoped to explore the effective molecular marker for early diagnosis of glaucoma. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57 707-711).Pyroptosis, which is put forward after apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, is a programmed pro-inflammatory cell death mode mainly mediated by inflammasomes. The main signaling pathways include the classic caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis pathway and the non-classical caspase-4, caspase-5 and caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis pathway. Pyroptosis is involved in the normal physiological function and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma. Glaucoma, which is mainly related to pathological intraocular pressure elevation, is a kind of eye diseases that threaten and damage the optic nerve and its visual pathway and eventually lead to visual function impairment. With more attention paid to pyroptosis involved in the mechanism of eye diseases and the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma, studies have found that pyroptosis is tightly correlated with glaucoma. Pyroptosis of retinal ganglion cells and microglia-mediated pyroptosis possess a significant position in the development of glaucoma. Further understanding of the relationship between pyroptosis and glaucoma might bring a new dawn for glaucoma treatment. The mechanism of pyroptosis may provide a new strategy for the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57 702-706).A 70-year-old male patient, who had a right upper eyelid tumor excision 4 years ago, complained of eyelid swelling and ptosis for 3 months. Orbital CT and MRI showed an orbital cystic lesion with hemorrhage in the right eye. The tumor was resected under general anesthesia. The pathological diagnosis was epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57696-698).Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of ocular Kimura disease (KD) and epithelioid hemangioma. Methods It was a retrospective case series study. The data of 10 patients with ocular KD and 3 patients with ocular epithelioid hemangioma from the Pathology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestations, morphology and immunophenotypes. Results Among patients with ocular KD, there were 9 males and 1 female with an age from 7 to 75 years (mean, 30 years). There were 6 unilateral cases and 4 bilateral cases. The disease mainly involved the orbit in 3 patients, the lacrimal gland in 5 patients and the eyelid in 2 patients. The ophthalmic presentation included a palpable periorbital or eyelid mass with eyelid swelling and ptosis, proptosis and displacement of the eyeball, and ocular dysmotility. Three patients had a history of lymphadenopathy. The disease course rangedby endothelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm which protruded into the lumen. The endothelial cells were positive for CD31, factor Ⅷ-related antigen and E26 transformation-specific related gene immunohistochemically. There was a moderate amount of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils surrounding blood vessels without eosinophilic microabscess. Conclusions Both ocular KD and epithelioid hemangioma are more commonly seen in males and share the common histopathological features of vascular proliferation, swelling endothelial cells and eosinophilic infiltration. KD is an allergic benign lymphoid tissue proliferation characteristic of massive eosinophilic infiltration, whereas epithelioid hemangioma is a benign neoplasm of blood vessels with plump and epithelioid endothelial cells. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57 689-695).Objective To investigate the clinical effect of anterior 1/3 superior oblique tendon tucking in acquired symptomatic excyclotropia adults. Methods Retrospective case series. Seven patients (7 eyes) with acquired symptomatic excyclotropia who underwent an anterior 1/3 superior oblique tendon tuck procedure in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were included. There were 5 male patients and 2 female patients, with an average age of (49±12) years old. All the patients had a history of a closed head injury. There was torsional diplopia in primary position, and eye movement examination showed paralysis of the superior oblique muscle in the affected eye, without obvious hyperactivity of the inferior oblique muscle. The anterior 1/3 tendon of the superior oblique muscle was tucked during surgery according to the relaxation of the superior oblique tendon in the forced duction test. The paired-sample nonparametric rank sum test was used to analyze the preoperative and postoperative (at 1 day after surgery and the last follow-up) excyclotropia angle. Results The mean tuck amount was (7.7±1.8) mm (range, 6.0 to 10.0 mm). During operation, patients complained that excyclotropia improved markedly. The excyclotropia angle with the double Maddox rod test improved significantly from preoperative 10° (8°, 15°) to 2° (0°, 3°) at 1 day (Z=-2.379; P less then 0.05) and 2° (2°, 5°) at the last follow-up (Z=-2.375; P less then 0.05). The follow-up period was (112+38) days. All patients had no complaints of excyclotropia at the last follow-up. Conclusions The anterior 1/3 superior oblique tendon tucking can effectively improve clinical symptoms in the primary position in adults with acquired excyclotropia and diplopia. The short-term postoperative results seem to be stable, without significant regression. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57 685-688).Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the XEN gel implant in the treatment of glaucoma. Methods It was a retrospective case series study. Eight patients (8 eyes) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2020 to September 2020 were included, including six males and two females, aged 29 to 74 years. The patients treated with the XEN gel implanting for glaucoma. After detailed ophthalmic examination, all the patients met the surgical indications for the XEN gel implanting. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment and fundus examination results, medication, and surgical complications were evaluated. Results There were seven patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and one patient with glaucomatocyclitic syndrome. Five patients had received anti-glaucoma surgeries, and the remaining three patients had not received surgical treatment. All XEN gel stents were implanted successfully. All patients were followed up for 4 to 12 months. The preoperative maximum IOP ranged from 11 to 44 mmHg (median, 28 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.