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037 (0.024-0.053) versus 0.047 (0.026-0.074), respectively. Bed rest and the use of sub-fascial drain were not associated with improved outcome according to our results. CONCLUSION Direct repair was associated with low proportion of failure. Howver, the approach to DT treatment was commonly determined on an ad hoc basis according to surgeons' preferences, and few followed defined management protocols. Future studies reporting DT treatment ought to categorise the treatment outcome according to the complexity of the DT and the specific treatment used, thus improving research quality in the field.This work examines the suitability of meta-GGA functionals for symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) calculations. The assessment is based on the term-by-term comparison with the benchmark SAPT variant based on coupled-cluster singles and doubles description of monomers, SAPT(CCSD). Testing systems include molecular complexes ranging from strong to weak and the He dimer. The following nonempirical meta-GGAs are examined TPSS, revTPSS, MVS, SCAN, and SCAN0 with and without the asymptotic correction (AC) of the exchange-correlation potential. One range-separated meta-GGA functional, LC-PBETPSS, is also included. The AC-corrected pure meta-GGAs (with the exception of MVS) represent a definite progress in SAPT(DFT) compared to pure GGA, such as PBEAC, with their more consistent predictions of energy components. However, none of the meta-GGAs is better than the hybrid GGA approach SAPT(PBE0AC). The SAPT(DFT) electrostatic energy offers the most sensitive probe of the quality of the underlying DFT density. Both SCAN- and TPSS-based electrostatic energies agree with reference to within 5% or better which is an excellent result. We find that SCAN0 can be used in SAPT without the AC correction. The long-range corrected LC-PBETPSS is a reliable performer both for the components and total interaction energies.Glutamine synthetase is an essential enzyme in ammonium assimilation and glutamine biosynthesis. The Haloferax mediterranei genome has two other glnA-type genes (glnA2 and glnA3) in addition to the glutamine synthetase gene glnA. To determine whether the glnA2 and glnA3 genes can replace glnA in nitrogen metabolism, we generated deletion mutants of glnA. The glnA deletion mutants could not be generated in a medium without glutamine, and thus, glnA is an essential gene in H. mediterranei. The glnA deletion mutant was achieved by adding 40 mM glutamine to the selective medium. This conditional HM26-ΔglnA mutant was characterised with different approaches in the presence of distinct nitrogen sources and nitrogen starvation. Vitamin A acid research buy Transcriptomic analysis was performed to compare the expression profiles of the strains HM26-ΔglnA and HM26 under different growth conditions. The glnA deletion did not affect the expression of glnA2, glnA3 and nitrogen assimilation genes under nitrogen starvation. Moreover, the results showed that glnA, glnA2 and glnA3 were not expressed under the same conditions. These results indicated that glnA is an essential gene for H. mediterranei and, therefore, glnA2 and glnA3 cannot replace glnA in the conditions analysed.Drought reduces the availability of soil water and the mobility of nutrients, thereby limiting the growth and productivity of rice. Under drought, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase P uptake and sustain rice growth. However, we lack knowledge of how the AMF symbiosis contributes to drought tolerance of rice. In the greenhouse, we investigated mechanisms of AMF symbiosis that confer drought tolerance, such as enhanced nutrient uptake, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and hormonal balance (abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA)). Two greenhouse pot experiments comprised three factors in a full factorial design with two AMF treatments (low- and high-AMF colonization), two water treatments (well-watered and drought), and three rice varieties. Soil water potential was maintained at 0 kPa in the well-watered treatment. In the drought treatment, we reduced soil water potential to - 40 kPa in experiment 1 (Expt 1) and to - 80 kPa in experiment 2 (Expt 2). Drought reduced shoot and root dry biomass and grain yield of rice in both experiments. The reduction of grain yield was less with higher AMF colonization. Plants with higher AMF colonization showed higher leaf P concentrations than plants with lower colonization in Expt 1, but not in Expt 2. Plants with higher AMF colonization exhibited higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence than plants with lower colonization, especially under drought. Drought increased the levels of ABA and IAA, and AMF colonization also resulted in higher levels of IAA. The results suggest both nutrient-driven and plant hormone-driven pathways through which AMF confer drought tolerance to rice.Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis plays crucial roles in plant nutrient uptake. However, little is known about the combined effects of phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) on mycorrhizal symbiosis. In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out using two soybean genotypes in the presence or absence of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation under different P and Mg conditions. The results showed that plant growth promotion by mycorrhizal symbiosis was associated with P-starved nutrition status, high Mg supply augmented the efficiency of AM symbiosis in low P, and high Mg relieved the inhibitory effect of high P availability on AM symbiosis. link2 The P-efficient genotype HN89 was more responsive to Mg application than the P-inefficient genotype HN112 when inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis. The results from a comparative RNA sequencing analysis of the root transcriptomes showed that several carbon metabolism pathways were enriched in mycorrhizal roots in low P plus high Mg. Accordingly, the expression levels of the key genes related to carbon metabolism and transport were also upregulated in mycorrhizal roots. Conversely, the Mg-deficient mycorrhizal plants showed increased sucrose, glucose, and fructose accumulations in shoots. Overall, the results herein demonstrate that P and Mg interactively affect mycorrhizal responses in plants, and high Mg supply has a profound effect on P-starved mycorrhizal plant growth through promotion of photosynthate metabolism and transport in soybean.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the capacity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain to metabolize hydrocarbons sludge in the production of biosurfactants to fight against environmental threats. The performance of the treatment consisted in monitoring the inductive metabolism of the strain during 48 h at a temperature of 37 °C which constitutes an opportunity of treatment of various hydrocarbons contained in crude oil and spilled in the ecosystem to prevent pollution and damage. The results showed that a treatment rate of 96,8% and an emulsification index of 71.8% were obtained corresponding to a phosphate buffer concentration of 30 mmol/L. The main role of the biosurfactants produced was to emulsify the medium and to absorb the oils contained in the hydrocarbons sludge. This allowed to stabilize hydrocarbon oils and favored the inductive metabolism of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, physicochemical and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the produced biosurfactants were of rhamnolipid type. They showed promising surfactant properties, such as a strong reduction in the surface tension of water from 72 to 40.52 mN/m, a high reactivity in the culture medium at pH 7, a high osmotolerance up to 150 g/L of salt, and a critical micellar concentration of 21 mg/L.PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. Its presentation can remain vague, often confused with other primary and secondary headache disorders and thus undertreated. This review aims to discuss primary exercise headache in the context of epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Two large epidemiological studies in Iran and Japan have further characterized a predilection for female patients, comorbidity with migraine, and frequent bilateral nature of headache. While large-scale epidemiological studies have aided in further characterization and determining varying prevalence, a lack of randomized clinical trials in the treatment of primary exercise headache remains. Indomethacin and beta-blocker use remain the mainstays of treatment based on case series with several case reports that urge caution when diagnosing said headache.PURPOSE OF REVIEW The polypill, referring to a variety of combinations of low-cost cardiovascular and stroke preventive medications combined in a single tablet, has been evaluated as a population-based approach for cardiovascular disease prevention in several trials. This review summarizes the scope of the problem, main trial results, and their potential applicability to the US population. RECENT FINDINGS Initial trials demonstrated the efficacy of the polypill approach. The most recent, the PolyIran study, showed the effectiveness of one form of a polypill for cardiovascular disease prevention, high medication adherence, and low adverse event rates. None of published polypill trials focused on stroke as the primary outcome and most were conducted in developing countries, limiting generalization to the US population. link3 A US-based randomized trial with stroke as the primary outcome is needed to assess the usefulness of this approach for stroke prevention in the USA.Almost the entire world, not only China, is currently experiencing the outbreak of a novel coronavirus that causes respiratory disease, severe pneumonia, and even death. The outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019 and is currently still ongoing. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and has resulted in a continuously increasing number of infections and deaths that have already surpassed the SARS-CoV outbreak that occurred in China between 2002 and 2003. It is now officially a pandemic, announced by WHO on the 11th of March. Currently, the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can be identified by virus isolation or viral nucleic acid detection; however, false negatives associated with the nucleic acid detection provide a clinical challenge and thus make the imaging examination crucial. Imaging exams have been a main clinical diagnostic criteria for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. Imaging features of multiple patchy areas of ground glass opacity and consolidation predominately in the periphery of the lungs are characteristic manifestations on chest CT and extremely helpful in the early detection and diagnosis of this disease, which aids prompt diagnosis and the eventual control of this emerging global health emergency. Key Points • In December 2019, China, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel, highly contagious coronavirus raised grave concerns and posed a huge threat to global public health. • Among the infected patients, characteristic findings on CT imaging include multiple, patchy, ground-glass opacity, crazy-paving pattern, and consolidation shadows, mainly distributed in the peripheral and subpleural areas of both lungs, which are very helpful for the frontline clinicians. • Imaging examination has become the indispensable means not only in the early detection and diagnosis but also in monitoring the clinical course, evaluating the disease severity, and may be presented as an important warning signal preceding the negative RT-PCR test results.