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u. (smoothie B) compared to the commercial smoothie (5.8 ± 0.2)*10-4 a.u. Nevertheless, the commercial smoothie showed a higher stability of carotenoids over 24 hours. 8 weeks after daily consumption of the homemade smoothies, volunteers showed an insignificant increase of cutaneous carotenoids from (4.5 ± 0.1)*10-4 a.u. at baseline to (4.8 ± 0.3)*10-4 a.u. (means ± standard error of the mean). The volunteers consuming the commercial smoothie showed an insignificant increase of cutaneous carotenoids from (4.3 ± 0.2)*10-4 a.u. to (4.7 ± 0.2)*10-4 a.u. after 8 weeks. The observed increase of cutaneous carotenoid concentrations could be classified as a strong tendency. Fresh homemade smoothies can exhibit a higher carotenoid concentration compared to commercial smoothies but need to be consumed immediately after preparation.

The effect of smoking on adrenal cancer is poorly understood. A clear association of adrenal adenoma and adrenocortical carcinoma with smoking among the United States population is observed. This association points to the possibility of environmental carcinogenic and/or lifestyle factors contributing to adrenal cancer formation. Our results support the association of tobacco use with adrenal adenomas and adrenal cortical carcinoma.

Smoking has been suggested as a risk factor for adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC), but this hypothesis has only been inferred from a single study using all types of adrenal cancers including pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, as well as ACC. Given the high rate of tobacco use in West Virginia, we hypothesized that smoking might contribute to increased prevalence of ACC.

De-identified institutional review board-exempted records were analyzed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 2001-2016 and in patients from the United States nationwide, multicenCC.

To our knowledge, this is the first United States population-based study supporting smoking as a risk factor for adrenal carcinogenesis and ACC.

Schwannomas are rare, slow-growing, usually benign tumors that originate from myelin-producing Schwann cells. Adrenal schwannomas are an exceptionally rare subset of these tumors, with few cases reported in the literature.

We present the case of a 44-year old female patient being evaluated for chronic abdominal pain at the outpatient clinic. Clinical and laboratory workup was unremarkable. An abdominal CT scan was performed, revealing a left suprarenal solid mass (5 × 6 cm). Surgical resection of the adrenal gland was performed, given the patient's symptoms, the size of the tumor, and its malignant potential. The patient completed the postoperative period satisfactorily, and her symptoms improved. Histopathological findings were compatible with a benign adrenal schwannoma.

Schwannomas generally appear in the head, neck and extremities, with the vestibulocochlear nerve being the most frequently involved site. Retroperitoneal schwannomas account for 1-5% of retroperitoneal masses and comprise only 1-3% of all schwannomas. Their incidence increases with age, from 4% in the general population, reaching 7% in patients over 70 years of age.

Adrenal incidentalomas represent a diagnostic challenge. Because of the malignant potential of large (> 4 cm) adrenal masses and the lack of characteristic findings using conventional imaging techniques and laboratory diagnostic tools, surgical excision with histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis are required for definitive diagnosis and optimal management.

4 cm) adrenal masses and the lack of characteristic findings using conventional imaging techniques and laboratory diagnostic tools, surgical excision with histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis are required for definitive diagnosis and optimal management.The objective of this research is to compare psychological resilience in Chinese firstborn and only children and its relation to perceived parenting styles and child abuse. MEK inhibitor The results found that total psychological resilience score, and resilience subscales such as emotion control and goal focus mean scores of the firstborn child was significantly lower compared to the only child (Ps less then 0.05). The total psychological resilience scores of both male and female in firstborn children was significantly lower, when compared respectively to only children (Ps less then 0.01). Emotional warmth and understanding in both parents was positively correlated to total psychological resilience (Ps less then 0.01) in the only child. Severe punishment by the father and rejection/denial by the mother were factors negatively correlated to total psychological resilience score in the only child (Ps less then 0.01). Severe punishment and rejection/denial by the father and severe punishment by the mother was negatively correlated to total psychological resilience score in the firstborn child (Ps less then 0.05). Child abuse was negatively correlated to total psychological resilience (r= -0.246, P less then 0.05) scores in the only child, and was negatively correlated to goal focus (r= -0.191, P less then 0.05) and emotion control (r= -0.222, P less then 0.05) scores in the first born child. In conclusion, the firstborn child had a lower psychological resilience score when compared to the only child, especially the female firstborn child. Negative perceived parenting style and child abuse were detrimental to psychological resilience.Novel Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) pandemic has affected more than 2 million individuals and causing over 0.1 million deaths worldwide. In India, the pandemic has gained momentum in the last few weeks with over 10,000 cases and 400 deaths. In the absence of any pharmacological cure on the horizon, countries have resorted to the use of strict public health measures to curtail spread of further infection to fight the coronavirus. The pandemic and its social implications have triggered mental health concerns among the masses. Providing psychological first aid and psychosocial support is vital in mitigating the distress and enhance the coping strategies of people to deal with this biological disaster. Tele-mental health services play an important role in this regard. In this article we describe our preliminary experience in understanding the psychological concerns of general public and addressing them by providing psychological support through a national telephonic helpline.