Matzenmckee3955

A retrospective study involving eight African pygmy hedgehogs histopathologically diagnosed with granulosa cell tumors was conducted. The age at onset was 2.2-4.5 years, with a median age of 3.6 years. The most common clinical signs were hematuria and abdominal distension, which were observed in >50% cases. Exploratory laparotomy was performed in all cases, and ovariohysterectomy or excision of the abdominal mass was performed. Patients with only hematuria survived for >250 days after surgery, whereas those with initial ascites showed recurrence of ascites or tumor growth and survived for approximately 130 days after surgery. Intraperitoneal injection of carboplatin was performed in three recurrent cases. In one of these three cases, the tumor mass disappeared. Hence, carboplatin can be considered a potential antineoplastic drug for the treatment of granulosa cell tumors.To eliminate pathogens, the initiation of an appropriate immune response is critical. When the gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp), invades the small intestine, a type-2 cytokine response is initiated; however, this response is not sufficient to clear the infection, and chronic infection can ensue. In this study, the host defense against Hp was investigated in mice with a focus on the role of CD4+ T cells. To this end, tissues from the small intestine and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were collected every day from just after infection until Day 5 because many previous studies have described the later stages of infection from Day 8 to Day 12, during which Hp returns to the lumen and Th2 cytokine expression reaches its peak. In this study, we focused on investigating the initiation of the type-2 immune response. Our results indicated that the larvae encysted by Day 3. Increased type-2 cytokine gene expression started in the small intestine before Day 2 and increased again on Day 5. Interferon (IFN) γ increased significantly on the second day. Flow cytometry and gene expression analysis of MLN cells revealed that CD4+ T cells were not activated until Day 4. These results suggested that innate immune cells in submucosa are activated immediately after infection, but CD4+ T cells accumulate in the cyst zone later. In addition, IFNγ may have an important role in converting type-2 cytokine-producing cells from innate cells to CD4+ T cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pretransplant culture on the survival of pancreatic islet grafts, and to determine the biological characteristics of isolated islets during pretransplant culture.

The survival of islets from Wistar rats, transplanted to diabetic C57BL/B6 mice, was compared between fresh islets and cultured islets. A comprehensive gene expression analysis was employed to investigate biological processes during pretransplant culture, and in vitro validation studies were performed.

Survival of cultured xenografts was significantly prolonged as compared to that of fresh islets (fresh12.5 ± 1.9 days, 1-day cultured16.0 ± 1.3 days (p= 0.017), 3-day cultured17.0 ± 2.6 days (p= 0.014)). Comprehensive gene expression analysis identified significant upregulation of annotated functions associated with inflammation in cultured groups. Navitoclax Six proinflammatory genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and IL-6, were significantly upregulated during culture.　Validation studies revealed significantly higher levels of IL-6 in the supernatant of cultured islets and HO-1 in the cultured islets when compared with fresh islets.

Transplantation of cultured islets induced significant but minimal prolongation of graft survival in xenogeneic combinations. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression in cultured islets showed biological processes associated with proinflammation during culture.

Transplantation of cultured islets induced significant but minimal prolongation of graft survival in xenogeneic combinations. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression in cultured islets showed biological processes associated with proinflammation during culture.Nicotine as a toxic agent in cigarette smoke impairs the reproductive system. Sambucus ebulus extract (SEE) is shown to have some beneficial effects such as antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SEE on the hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis, lipid peroxidation index, antioxidant enzymes, spermatogenesis, and epididymal sperm parameters in male mice treated with nicotine. Adult male mice were divided into five groups; A normal saline, B 1 mg/kg nicotine, C 1 mg/kg nicotine and 10 mg/kg SEE, D 1 mg/kg nicotine and 50 mg/kg SEE, D 1 mg/kg nicotine and 100 mg/kg SEE. Treatments lasted for 35 days. The spermicidal activity of SEE was tested in vitro. Sperm count, motility and morphology were assessed for fertility. Serum testosterone, prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured, using ELISA. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured, using colorimetric assays. Spermatogenesis was evaluated by Johnsen's score and morphometry in histological slides. SEE at different doses did not have any spermicidal activity. Sperm parameters were reduced in the nicotine-treated group, compared with controls (P less then 0.01). Nicotine reduced testosterone and LH levels (P less then 0.01) and increased prolactin (P less then 0.01). A hike in MDA and a reduction in SOD activity without change on CAT, were observed in the nicotine group. Nicotine caused hypospermatogenesis. SEE improved most of the above-mentioned parameters, especially in the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Beneficial effects of SEE in the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg on male reproduction impairment, induced by nicotine might be partly attributed to the reduction of oxidative stress and changes in the hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare inherited endocrine disorder with a high rate of penetrance. The incidence of MEN1 is 1/30,000 in the general population; however, it is quite rare for a patient to present for medical attention with MEN1 for the first time in pregnancy. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common features of MEN1. The incidence of PHPT occurring in pregnancy is 1%. Despite advances in the medical, surgical and obstetric care over the years, management of this condition during pregnancy may be challenging. It can be difficult to identify pregnant women with PHPT requiring intervention and to monitor safely. Hypercalcemia can result in significant maternal and fetal adverse outcomes including miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, neonatal hypocalcaemia, pre-eclampsia and maternal nephrolithiasis. Herein, we present a case study of a lady with a strong family history of MEN1, who was biochemically proven to have PHPT and evidence of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome (ZE) on endoscopy.