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The design and management of the humanitarian supply chain are the most critical aspects of the humanitarian aid supply chain. Despite enormous interest among the academic community and the practitioners, the design of a humanitarian supply chain is still not well understood. Most of the publications have attempted to address the mechanisms of the humanitarian relief operations. However, the elements of the humanitarian supply chain designs are not well understood in an integrated manner. In this special issue, we have accepted the articles based on six factors that shape the design and management of the humanitarian supply chain and the influencing factors (see Fig. 4). We have noted the research gaps and offered rich directions for future research.The combined demographic and epidemiologic transition may significantly challenge the ageing population, especially with a weak health and non-health supporting system. The study aims to elicit the supply side stakeholders' view on healthy ageing and the readiness for a healthy ageing society in the Kerala context, which is one of India's most advanced states in terms of demographic and epidemiologic transition. Data from various stakeholders in the field of Gerontology was collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. A four-step content analysis and themes identification procedure were followed for the data analysis. The study results reiterated the World Health Organisation's (WHO) conceptualisation of healthy ageing, indicating that the intrinsic and extrinsic factors independently or their interacted effect played a potential role in determining healthy ageing. However, the results also revealed that healthy ageing represents only a partial achievement of successful ageing or ageing well. Quality of life (productive/active ageing) and well-being (happiness and freedom) dimensions are inevitable for successful aging. The four overarching themes emerged for preparing a healthy ageing society include (i) planning and resources, (ii) leadership, governance and implementation, (iii) ageing in place, and (iv) opportunities and challenges. The stakeholders perceived that to work towards a healthy ageing society, there is a crucial role for government and non-government partners at various levels.Isolated external iliac vein aneurysm is exceedingly rare, not well-described in the literature, and presents several potential surgical approaches. Herein, we describe the case of a 72-year-old woman who presented with incidentally found 4.3 cm × 3.4 cm × 5.6 cm right external iliac vein aneurysm after undergoing magnetic resonance imaging for orthopedic work-up. She was treated via parallel supra- and infra-inguinal incisions and novel combination of primary aneurysmorrhaphy with intraluminal balloon mandrel-assisted closure. The patient was discharged on postoperative day two, and 6-month follow-up ultrasound showed a normal caliber vessel with normal compressibility, suggesting this technique is safe and effective for appropriately selected patients.In this research paper we present a mathematical model for COVID-19 in high-risk settings and low-risk settings which might be infection dynamics between hotspots and less risky communities. The main idea was to couple the SIR model with alternating risk levels from the two different settings high and low-risk settings. Therefore, building from this model we partition the infected class into two categories, the symptomatic and the asymptomatic. Using this approach we simulated COVID-19 dynamics in low and high-risk settings with auto-switching risk settings. Again, the model was analyzed using both analytic methods and numerical methods. The results of this study suggest that switching risk levels in different settings plays a pivotal role in COVID-19 progression dynamics. Hence, population reaction time to adhere to preventative measures and interventions ought to be implemented with flash speed targeting first the high-risk setting while containing the dynamics in low-risk settings.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a disease of chronic respiratory insufficiency stemming from premature birth and iatrogenic lung injury leading to alveolar simplification, impaired alveolar-capillary development, interstitial fibrosis, and often pulmonary hypertension. BPD is the most common pulmonary sequela of prematurity and is often fatal; however, there remains no FDA-approved therapies to treat or prevent BPD. Sildenafil is increasingly used off-label in premature infants despite scant safety and efficacy data. Sildenafil reduces lung injury and preserves normal vasculature in preclinical models, and improves outcomes in children with pulmonary hypertension, and thus is a promising candidate for BPD. Following phase I studies, we developed the phase II SIL02 trial to describe the safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary effectiveness of intravenous and enteral sildenafil in premature infants at risk for BPD. SIL02 is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-cohort, sequential dose-escalating trial of enteral or intravenous (IV) sildenafil dosed every 8 h for up to 34 days. The target IV doses were 0.125, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/dose in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively; while the enteral doses will be double the IV doses. Eligible infants must be less then 29 weeks' gestation at birth and requiring respiratory support at 7-28 days' postnatal age. NMS-P937 supplier Adverse events and preliminary effectiveness will be compared by treatment group. Using the final population PK model, empirical Bayesian estimates will be generated for each patient. Preliminary effectiveness will be measured by the incidence of moderate to severe BPD or death at 36 weeks and change in the BPD risk estimation.Goal Management Training® (GMT) teaches strategies to reduce cognitive load and improve focus in everyday tasks. The aim of this study was to ascertain feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy potential of GMT for people (≥50 years) with stable HIV infection scoring low on tests of cognitive ability. A two-sample, parallel, controlled trial was carried out. Feasibility was demonstrated, as 21/30 participants in the GMT group attended ≥8 of the 9 sessions and completed at least half of the homework. There was no change on the primary performance-based cognitive outcomes in the GMT group or in the control group (n = 23). There was a meaningful improvement in self-reported cognition in those adherent to the intervention. GMT is a promising intervention for people aging with HIV who are dealing with cognitive difficulties affecting their everyday life and should be further investigated.

Influenza viruses not only cause respiratory illness, but also have been reported to elicit neurological manifestations followingacute viral infection. The centralnervous system (CNS) has a specific defense mechanism against pathogens structured by cerebral microvasculature lined with brain endothelial cells to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To investigate the response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) to the Influenza A virus(IAV), we inoculated the cells with the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. We then conducted an RNAseq experiment to determine the changes in gene expression levels and the activated disease pathways following infection. The analysis revealed an effective activation of the innate immune defense by inducing the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Along with the production of proinflammatory cytokines, we detected an upregulation of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes, such as IFN-β/λ, ISG15, CXCL11, CXCL3 and IL-6, etc. Moreover, infected hBMECs exhibited a disruption in the cytoskeletal structure both on the transcriptomic and cytological levels. The RNAseq analysis showed different pathways and candidate genes associated with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases, together with a predicted activation of the neuroglia. Likewise, some genes linked with the mitochondrial structure and function displayed a significantly altered expression. En masse, this data supports that hBMECs could be infected by the IAV, which induces the innate and inflammatory immune response. The results suggest that the influenza virus infection could potentially induce a subsequent aggravation of neurological disorders.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44149-022-00053-9.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44149-022-00053-9.Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma represents a rare subtype of hereditary kidney cancer. Clinical diagnosis can be challenging and there is little evidence to guide systemic therapeutic options. We performed genomic profiling of a cohort of tumors through the analysis of whole genomes, transcriptomes, as well as flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in order to gain a deeper understanding of their molecular biology. We find neutral evolution after early tumor activation with a lack of secondary driver events. We show that these tumors have epithelial derivation, possibly from the macula densa, a specialized paracrine cell of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus. They subsequently develop into immune excluded tumors. We provide transcriptomic and protein expression evidence of a highly specific tumor marker, PAPPA2. These translational findings have implications for the diagnosis and treatment for this rare tumor subtype.As an emerging new class of semiconductor nanomaterials, halide perovskite (ABX3, X = Cl, Br, or I) nanocrystals (NCs) are attracting increasing attention owing to their great potential in optoelectronics and beyond. This field has experienced rapid breakthroughs over the past few years. In this comprehensive review, halide perovskite NCs that are either freestanding or embedded in a matrix (e.g., perovskites, metal-organic frameworks, glass) will be discussed. We will summarize recent progress on the synthesis and post-synthesis methods of halide perovskite NCs. Characterizations of halide perovskite NCs by using a variety of techniques will be present. Tremendous efforts to tailor the optical and electronic properties of halide perovskite NCs in terms of manipulating their size, surface, and component will be highlighted. Physical insights gained on the unique optical and charge-carrier transport properties will be provided. Importantly, the growing potential of halide perovskite NCs for advancing optoelectronic applications and beyond including light-emitting devices (LEDs), solar cells, scintillators and X-ray imaging, lasers, thin-film transistors (TFTs), artificial synapses, and light communication will be extensively discussed, along with prospecting their development in the future.Skeletal muscle generation of ammonia, an endogenous cytotoxin, is increased during exercise. Perturbations in ammonia metabolism consistently occur in chronic diseases, and may blunt beneficial skeletal muscle molecular responses and protein homeostasis with exercise. Phosphorylation of skeletal muscle proteins mediates cellular signaling responses to hyperammonemia and exercise. Comparative bioinformatics and machine learning-based analyses of published and experimentally derived phosphoproteomics data identified differentially expressed phosphoproteins that were unique and shared between hyperammonemic murine myotubes and skeletal muscle from exercise models. Enriched processes identified in both hyperammonemic myotubes and muscle from exercise models with selected experimental validation included protein kinase A (PKA), calcium signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and protein homeostasis. Our approach of feature extraction from comparative untargeted "omics" data allows for selection of preclinical models that recapitulate specific human exercise responses and potentially optimize functional capacity and skeletal muscle protein homeostasis with exercise in chronic diseases.