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Nonetheless, we demonstrate that rapid cardiac plasticity is possible in rainbow trout and likely blunts the impacts of thermal variation over relatively short timescales, such as that associated with heat waves and migration between water bodies.The purpose of the present research was to examine the ability of Tremella polysaccharide (TP) to stabilize zein nanoparticles (zein NPs) and appraise the performance of zein/Tremella polysaccharide nanoparticles (zein/TP NPs) in terms of encapsulating and delivering curcumin. In this study, the zein/TP NPs were fabricated based on the anti-solvent precipitation method, which were used to protect and deliver curcumin. The results suggested that TP could be deposited on the surface of zein NPs by virtue of electrostatic interaction, so as to improve the hydrophilicity of zein, provide better protection for curcumin and assemble more stable nanoparticles. Compared with zein NPs (54.73%), the zein/TP NPs exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency of curcumin (93.34%) and excellent re-dispersibility. Furthermore, the retention rate of curcumin encapsulated in zein/TP NPs reached 80.78% and 90.74% after UV irradiation and 80 °C heat treatment for 2 h, respectively, which proved that the addition of TP significantly improved the stability of curcumin. Meanwhile, in vitro digestion study demonstrated that the bioaccessibility of curcumin encapsulated in zein/TP NPs increased by 37.36% compared with in zein NPs. Therefore, the zein/TP NPs may be served as an effective and potential carrier for the delivery of nutraceuticals.Lactoferrin (L) and gellan gum (G) nanoparticles were produced in different biopolymer proportions through electrostatic complexation to enhance the antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin. The nanoparticles were characterized according to size, charge density, morphology and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, in two different broths to show the effect of the broth composition on the nanoparticle activity. The 9L1G particles showed the highest positive zeta potential (+21.20 mV) and reduced diameter (92.03 nm) which resulted in a minimum inhibitory concentration six times smaller (0.3 mg/ml) than pure lactoferrin (2 mg/ml). However, the bacteriostatic action of nanoparticles was inhibited in the presence of divalent cations. When applied to strawberries as a coating, lactoferrin nanoparticles extended fruit shelf-life up to 6 days in the presence of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Therefore, lactoferrin-gellan gum complexation was proved to be a promising tool to enhance lactoferrin antimicrobial action and broaden its application as a food preserver.The present work evaluated nine diverse kidney bean accessions for colour, composition, digestibility, protein profile, starch crystallinity, techno-functional properties, pasting properties and microstructure with the objective of identifying key attributes affecting their digestibility and functionality. The accessions exhibited dry matter digestibility, resistant starch (RS) content, water absorption capacity, fat absorption capacity, emulsifying activity index (EAI), foaming capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS) of 14.6-47.2%, 32.0-50.5%, 1.7-2.7 g/g, 1.4-1.7 g/g, 50.1-70.1 m2/g, 70.8-98.3% and 82.4-91.3%, respectively. Starch-lipid complexes (SLC), proteins and non-starch carbohydrates contributed to lower starch and dry matter-digestibility. Principal component analysis revealed positive relation of emulsification, foaming and water absorption capacity with proteins, starch, RS and ash-content while negative with crystallinity and amount of lipids, non-starch carbohydrates and digestible starch. Hydration ability of proteins promoted foaming whereas flour with lower vicilins level was less surface active and exhibited the lowest EAI, FC and FS. Pasting temperature related positively with SLC, while average starch granule size was in strong positive relationship with RS content, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity. The results could be useful for enhanced utilization of kidney beans in different foods.The relative importance of the physical resistances to mass transfer have been explored by using halved 13 mm diameter apple-pectin tablets containing caffeine, in different external stirring environments within a beaker containing simulated gastric fluid. The effects of different external (outside of the tablets) mass-transfer resistances to the tablets created through two different stirrer types and stirrer speeds, and different internal (inside of the tablets) mass-transfer resistances created through different tablet concentrations and thicknesses, have been studied. These studies enable internal diffusion coefficients of caffeine through the apple pectin matrix to be estimated, as well as estimating the external mass-transfer coefficients from benzoic acid dissolution, which are in the range of 6.5 × 10-6 m/s - 2.4 × 10-5 m/s for the 0.6 mm thick tablets and 4.0 × 10-6 m/s - 1.6 × 10-5 m/s for the 7 mm thick tablets. The diffusion coefficients for different caffeine concentrations in the apple pectin half-tablets have also been calculated in this study. The diffusivity of caffeine in the 7 mm half-tablets with 1% caffeine through 99% pectin was around (1.8 ± 0.5) × 10-10 m2/s. This study points towards the development of multifilm mass-transfer theory for food digestion to create a more fundamentally based understanding of in-vitro digestion systems as an addition to the use of realistic in-vitro food digestion apparatus and give a better correlation between in-vitro and in-vivo digestion tests.Antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (EO) in vapor-phase was tested against representative fungi in corn tortillas. The chemical composition of studied EO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and its major components were linalool, thymol, and p-cymene. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the growth of Aspergillus niger or Penicillium expansum after exposure to EO vapors. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the EO was determined by the inverted lid technique, while in situ MIC was determined on the corn tortillas inside an airtight container. The MICs obtained ranged from 160 to 200 μL of thyme EO/Lof air for in vitro conditions and 550-850 μL of the EO/Lof air in corn tortillas. The modified Gompertz model adequately described in vitro mold growth curves. Thyme EO was effective in preventing or significantly delaying growth of the contaminating molds on corn tortillas.Lipid bilayer membranes undergo rapid bending undulations with wavelengths from tens of nanometers to tens of microns due to thermal fluctuations. Here, we probe such undulations and the membranes' mechanics by measuring the time-varying orientation of single gold nanorods (GNRs) adhered to the membrane, using high-speed dark field microscopy. In a lipid vesicle, such measurements allow the determination of the membrane's viscosity, bending rigidity, and tension as well as the friction coefficient for sliding of the monolayers over one another. The in-plane rotation of the GNR is hindered by undulations in a tension dependent manner, consistent with simulations. The motion of single GNRs adhered to the plasma membrane of living cultured cells similarly reveals the membrane's complex physics and coupling to the cell's actomyosin cortex.

The first endovascular arteriovenous fistula (endoAVF) device (WavelinQ), a novel percutaneous technique of AVF creation, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018 and has been placed in a small number of United States patients on hemodialysis. It is unknown how often patients with advanced CKD have vascular anatomy suitable for WavelinQ creation. The goal of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with vascular anatomy suitable for WavelinQ creation and to assess patient characteristics associated with such suitability.

All patients referred for vascular access placement at a large academic medical center underwent standardized preoperative sonographic vascular mapping to assess suitability for an AVF. During a 2-year period (March 2019 to March 2021), we assessed the suitability of the vessels for creation of WavelinQ. We then compared the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and vascular mapping measurements between patients who were or were not suitable for WavelinQ.

During the study period, 437 patients underwent vessel mapping. Of these, 51% of patients were eligible for a surgical AVF, and 32% were eligible for a WavelinQ AVF; 63% of those suitable for a surgical AVF were also suitable for a WavelinQ AVF. Patients with a vascular anatomy suitable for WavelinQ were younger (age 55±15 versus 60±14 years,

=0.01) but similar in sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease.

Among patients with CKD with vascular anatomy suitable for a surgical AVF, 63% are also suitable for a WavelinQ endoAVF. Older patients are less frequently suitable for WavelinQ.

Among patients with CKD with vascular anatomy suitable for a surgical AVF, 63% are also suitable for a WavelinQ endoAVF. Older patients are less frequently suitable for WavelinQ.Stages of CKD are currently defined by eGFR and require measurement of serum creatinine concentrations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/5-cholesten-3beta-ol-7-one.html Previous studies have shown a good correlation between salivary and serum urea levels and the stage of CKD. However, quantitative salivary urea assays in current clinical use require costly and labor-intensive commercial kits, which restricts the advantage of using saliva and limits wider applicability as a quick and easy means of assessing renal function. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been shown to provide a potentially straightforward, reagent-free method for the identification of a range of disease-related biomarkers and is in current clinical use for analyses of the chemical composition of kidney stones. We assessed the feasibility of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as an alternative method to measure salivary urea in patients with different stages of CKD. The ATR-FTIR spectra of dried saliva samples from six healthy controls and 20 patients with CKD (stages 1-5) were analyzed to provide their urea concentrations. The lower limit of detection of salivary urea by the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy method was 1-2 mM, at the lower end of the clinically relevant range. Statistically significant differences in salivary urea concentrations were demonstrated between healthy subjects (4.1±0.5 mM) and patients with CKD stages 3-5 (CKD stage 3, 6.8±0.7 mM; CKD stage 4, 9.1±1 mM; CKD stage 5, 14.8±1.6 mM). These salivary urea concentrations correlated well with serum urea levels in the same patients measured by an automated analyzer (Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.71; P less then 0.001). The ability of the method to detect and stage CKD was assessed from the sensitivity and specificity parameters of a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that quantitation of salivary urea by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy could provide a viable tool for rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of stages 3-5 CKD.