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These findings support that the human gut microbiota may play a fundamental role in the risk of acquiring diseases that may be programmed during early life. In fact, it is critical to explore the role of the human gut microbiota in early life.Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a vital societal problem as epidemiological studies demonstrate the increasing incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lesions observed in the retina in the course of diabetes, referred to as diabetic retinopathy (DR), are caused by vascular abnormalities and are ischemic in nature. Vascular lesions in diabetes pertain to small vessels (microangiopathy) and involve precapillary arterioles, capillaries and small veins. Pericyte loss, thickening of the basement membrane, and damage and proliferation of endothelial cells are observed. Endothelial cells (monolayer squamous epithelium) form the smooth internal vascular lining indispensable for normal blood flow. Breaking its continuity initiates blood coagulation at that site. The endothelium controls the process of exchange of chemical substances (nutritional, regulatory, waste products) between blood and the retina, and blood cell passing through the vascular wall. Endothelial cells produce biologically active substances involv determined will the risk of complications in the course of diabetes be minimized.Almost all European citizens rank patient safety as very or fairly important in their country. However, few patient safety initiatives have been undertaken or implemented in Poland. The aim was to identify patient safety strategies perceived as important in Poland and compare them with those identified in an earlier Dutch study. A web-based survey was conducted among primary healthcare providers in Poland. The findings were compared with those obtained from eight other countries. The strategies regarded as most important in Poland included the use of integrated medical records for communication with specialists and others, patient-held medical records, acceptable workload in general practice, and availability of information technology. However, despite being seen as important, these strategies have not been widely implemented in Poland. This is the first study to identify strategies considered by primary care physicians in Poland to be important for improving patient safety. These strategies differed significantly from those indicated in other countries.Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a non-thermal technology which is increasingly drawing the interest of the meat industry. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of PEF on the main technological properties of chicken meat, by investigating the role of the most relevant process parameters such as the number of pulses (150 vs. 300 and 450 vs. 600) and the electric field strength (0.60 vs. 1.20 kV/cm). Selleckchem eFT-508 Results indicated that PEF does not exert any effect on meat pH and just slightly affects lightness and yellowness. Low-intensity PEF treatments improved the water holding capacity of chicken meat by significantly (p less then 0.001) reducing drip loss up to 28.5% during 4 days of refrigerated storage, without damaging proteins' integrity and functionality. Moreover, from the analysis of the process parameters, it has been possible to highlight that increasing the number of pulses is more effective in reducing meat drip loss rather than doubling the electric field strengths. From an industrial point of view, the results of this explorative study suggested the potential of PEF to reduce the undesired liquid inside the package, thus improving consumer acceptance.Characterizing early-age properties is very important for the quality control and durability of cementitious materials. In this paper, an approach using embedded guided waves was adopted to monitor the changes in the mechanical proprieties of mortar and concrete during setting, and embedded thin rods with low-cost piezoelectric sensors mounted on top were used for guide wave monitoring. Through continuous attenuation monitoring of the guided waves, the evolution of mortar and concrete properties was characterized. Four different kinds of metallic rods were tested at the same time to find out the optimal setup. Meanwhile, shear wave velocities of the mortar and concrete samples were monitored and correlated to the attenuation, and setting time tests were also performed on these samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach could monitor the evolution of the setting of cementitious materials quantitatively, and time of the initial setting could be determined by this technique as well. In addition, it is found that the attenuations of fundamental longitudinal guided wave mode are almost the same in concrete samples and mortar samples sieved from concrete, indicating that this technique is able to eliminate the effects of coarse aggregates, which makes it of great potential for in-situ monitoring of early age concrete.Although the pharmaceutical industry will remember 2020 as the year of COVID-19, it is important to highlight that this year has been the second-best-together with 1996-in terms of the number of drugs accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Each of these two years witnessed the authorization of 53 drugs-a number surpassed only in 2018 with 59 pharmaceutical agents. The 53 approvals in 2020 are divided between 40 new chemical entities and 13 biologic drugs (biologics). Of note, ten monoclonal antibodies, two antibody-drug conjugates, three peptides, and two oligonucleotides have been approved in 2020. Close inspection of the so-called small molecules reveals the significant presence of fluorine atoms and/or nitrogen aromatic heterocycles. This report analyzes the 53 new drugs of the 2020 harvest from a strictly chemical perspective, as it did for those authorized in the previous four years. On the basis of chemical structure alone, the drugs that received approval in 2020 are classified as the following biologics (antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and proteins); TIDES (peptide and oligonucleotides); natural products; fluorine-containing molecules; nitrogen aromatic heterocycles; and other small molecules.