Mathiesenpittman6025

Four new malonylginsenosides, malonylnotoginsenoside Fe (1), malonylnotoginsenoside Ra1 (2), malonylgypenoside LXXV (3), and malonylginsenoside Mc (4), together with two known analogues, malonylfloralginsenoside Rc1 (5) and malonylginsenoside Rc (6), were isolated from the fresh fruits of Panax notoginseng. Their structures were determined by MS and NMR experiments. The anti-proliferative activities of the malonylginsenosides (1-6) against SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line were evaluated using the MTT assay.Gefitinib is a first-line anti-cancer drug for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It has been reported that gefitinib can generate several drug-related adverse effects, including nausea, peripheral edema, decreased appetite and rash. However, the reproductive toxicity of gefitinib has not been clearly defined until now. Here we assessed the effects of gefitinib on oocyte quality by examining the critical events and molecular changes of oocyte maturation. Gefitinib at 1, 2, 5 or 10 μM concentration was added to culture medium (M2). We found that gefitinib at its median peak concentration of 1 μM did not affect oocyte maturation, but 5 μM gefitinib severely blocked oocyte meiotic progression as indicated by decreased rates of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and polar body extrusion (PBE). We further showed that gefitinib treatment increased phosphorylation of CDK1 at the site of Try15, inhibited cyclin B1 entry into the nucleus, and disrupted normal spindle assembly, chromosome alignment and mitochondria dynamics, finally leading to the generation of aneuploidy and early apoptosis of oocytes. Our study reported here provides valuable evidence for reproductive toxicity of gefitinib administration employed for the treatment of cancer patients.Strobilurin fungicides are used globally and have been detected in microgram per liter concentrations in aquatic environments. Here, we determined the potential toxicity of four commonly used strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin) on mitochondrial function and locomotor activity of larval zebrafish at an environmentally relevant level. As the mode of action of strobilurins in fungi is binding to cytochrome bc1 in mitochondrial complex III, we evaluated exposure effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of zebrafish, by measuring oxygen consumption rates, mitochondria-related enzyme activities, and transcripts levels for genes associated with the electron transfer chain and citric acid cycle. We found that 50 nM pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin lowered basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP respiration, and maximal respiration of embryos. Dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics was associated with changes in mitochondrial complex III activity and transcripts of oxidative respiration and stress-related genes. Lower activity of complex III, and reduced cytb mRNA levels were hypothesized to contribute to reduced electron supply to complex IV and V. Both coxI and atp6 were up-regulated, suggesting a compensatory response to impaired oxidative respiration. Cluster analysis indicated that strobilurin-induced oxidative stress and cytb transcript were related to impaired oxidative phosphorylation. We also assessed larval behavior responses, as reduced ATP can affect activity. We observed that pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin induced hypoactive responses in zebrafish. At 50 nM, azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl exerted no effects on mitochondrial function nor locomotion of zebrafish. Studies such as this are important for determining sublethal toxicity to these fungicides, as widespread detection of strobilurins in aquatic environments suggests there is a potential for adverse effects in aquatic organisms.Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that is predominantly caused by alterations of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Disease severity and the presence of comorbidities such as gastrointestinal distress vary widely across affected individuals. The gut microbiome has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as a regulator of disease severity and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Although the gut microbiome has been previously characterized in humans with RTT compared to healthy controls, the impact of MECP2 mutation on the composition of the gut microbiome in animal models where the host and diet can be experimentally controlled remains to be elucidated. By evaluating the microbial community across postnatal development as behavioral symptoms appear and progress, we have identified microbial taxa that are differentially abundant across developmental timepoints in a zinc-finger nuclease rat model of RTT compared to WT. We have additionally identified p105 as a key translational timepoint. Lastly, we have demonstrated that fecal SCFA levels are not altered in RTT rats compared to WT rats across development. Overall, these results represent an important step in translational RTT research.

To evaluate the results of isolated liver and combined liver and kidney transplantation in a retrospective series of 32 patients with hepatorenal liver and kidney disease.

A retrospective observational study that enrolled patients with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and polycystic liver and kidney disease (PLKD) who were evaluated for transplantation between January 1999 and December 2019 at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona [Clinical Hospital of Barcelona].

We included a total of 53 patients enrolled, 32 (60.3%) had indication for transplantation, of which 12 received a single liver transplant and 20 received a double liver and kidney transplant. The mean age was 52 years and 83.9% of the recipients were women. The main indication for liver transplantation was disabling symptomatic hepatomegaly (93.5%). Among the postoperative complications, in the combined liver and kidney transplant group, hepatic artery thrombosis in one case and renal artery thrombosis in other were detected. In both groups there was one case of inferior vena cava lesion. Three patients presented acute cellular rejection responding to corticosteroids and one presented humoral rejection which was treated with plasmapheresis. During the follow-up period of 80 (27-121) months, the liver transplant survival rate was 100% and the kidney transplant survival rate was 90%. Two patients in the combined liver and kidney transplant group died (one due to cardiovascular causes and the other due to intestinal adenocarcinoma).

Isolated liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation in selected patients with polycystic disease yields excellent results, with few complications, very good transplant survival and excellent patient survival (93.8%).

Isolated liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation in selected patients with polycystic disease yields excellent results, with few complications, very good transplant survival and excellent patient survival (93.8%).This field study identified, through observation, child influence on food and beverage purchases within a supermarket, as well as the influence of the children's perceptions of their parents' parenting strategies related to eating behaviors on these purchases. Four supermarkets were recruited to participate and agreed to allow recruitment of parent-child dyads and implementation of data collection protocols within their stores. Parent-child (7-14 yo) dyads were recruited to wear eye-tracking glasses during the supermarket visit, complete separate individual interviews, and have their store receipts scanned. The receipt data provided evidence of what was purchased, including overall purchases, as well as purchases of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages. The eye-tracking data, together with the receipt data, identified which items were requested by the child and purchased. The child interviews provided the child's perceptions of parenting strategies (i.e., parental monitoring, control). Seventy-six dyads agreed to participate and completed the study protocols. During most of the shopping trips, items were purchased as a result of child-initiated request interactions. Children's perceptions of their parent's use of monitoring was consistently associated with fewer purchases overall and of energy-dense, nutrient-poor items, and with reduced child influence on what was purchased.

Food and drink form a substantial part of health advice, and a significant part of pleasant or unpleasant memories, expectations and experiences. They can be divided into two categories in many ways, and the preferred way in which any person makes this division may be an indicator of how that person thinks about the food-drink domain, with potential health implications. Binary categorization is an uncommon technique but it offers a window into "default" categorization of the world. We employ two different methods to assess binary categorization, spontaneous categorizations, and ranking of a set of defined categorizations. Insofar as these two methods give convergent results, this would serve to strengthen the evidence provided by our findings.

Samples of each of approximately 300 on-line American, French, and Indian adults spontaneously offered a preferred way of dichotomizing the food/drink domain. At a later point in the same questionnaire, they rank ordered the importance to them of each of five categoalthy" is a continuum rather than a dichotomy, is subject to changing classifications by the nutrition-medical community, and is limited in value because small amounts of "unhealthy" foods are not unhealthy. In an important sense, "healthy-unhealthy" is an incorrect principle for dividing foods. Surprisingly, only a very small percent of individuals suggested (or ranked highly) animal origin versus plant origin, although this is a true dichotomy, and on biological and nutritional and sustainability grounds, this might be the most fundamental dichotomy.We conducted two studies on participants from China and the USA to investigate their beliefs about food sharing. In Study 1, the participants were asked to rate the influence of different types of sharing on the interpersonal relationships between two individuals. Compared to sharing non-food material, both groups expected sharing food to exert a more positive influence on the intimacy and mutual trust between the sharer and the recipient. In Study 2A, the participants were asked to rate to which extent it is appropriate to share a certain food with another person. The results revealed that the solid or liquid state and the type of foods influenced both groups of participants' beliefs about whether a food is appropriate for sharing. In Study 2B, the participants were asked to rate the likelihood of ordering certain foods when they were eating alone, eating together, or sharing food with another person in a restaurant scenario. When sharing food with other people, both groups of participants were less likely to order foods that were inappropriate for sharing and more likely to order foods that were appropriate for sharing, thus suggesting the influence of beliefs about food sharing on food choices. Despite some cross-cultural differences in both studies, the results revealed some cross-cultural shared beliefs about food sharing. These findings suggest that people's beliefs regarding the positive influence of food sharing on interpersonal relationships influence food choices and may help explain why foods are shared while eating with others even there is no social obligation to do so.