Mathewsboesen8603

The effects of cathode material (aluminum, stainless steel), total current density and anode surface area (3.3-30 mA cm-2 and 12-36 cm2, respectively) were investigated, and lead to NH4+-N percentage removals of between 25% (10 mA cm-2, 12 cm2) and 100% (30 mA cm-2, 24 cm2) for an initial NH4+-N concentration of 10 mg L-1. The optimum EC (20 mA cm-2, natural initial pH 7.5-7.8) and EO parameters (30 mA cm-2, 24 cm2 surface area anode, Al cathode) were combined into a hybrid system to treat two real nitrate-polluted groundwaters with initial NO3--N concentrations of 25 and 75 mg L-1. Results revealed that the proposed hybrid treatment system can be used to efficiently remove nitrate from groundwaters.

Although simulation is a well-established learning method in Finland, sequential simulations are still uncommon. The objective of this project was to pilot interprofessional, sequential simulation demonstrating acute clinical pathways. The learning objectives were communication and collaboration.

Two groups consisting of nursing and emergency care students planned the simulation exercises. Other participants in the simulation were medical students, biomedical science students and radiography students.

Participants considered the sequential simulation were a good learning method particularly for skills in communication, patient encounters and working in an interprofessional setting.

An interprofessional, sequential simulation of a clinical pathway is a good method to practice non-technical skills. Sequential simulation also helps students understand the whole health care system.

An interprofessional, sequential simulation of a clinical pathway is a good method to practice non-technical skills. Sequential simulation also helps students understand the whole health care system.

Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI) is a considerable issue of the modern era, but its risk factors are still poorly understood. Impulsivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms have been associated with PUI, but this relationship is still debated. In this article we focus on the relationships of PUI with obsessive-compulsive and impulsive symptoms in a cohort of Italian young adults, in order to identify possible vulnerability factors for PUI.

A sample of 772 Italian individuals aged 18-30 (mean age 23.3±3.3years old; 38% males and 62% females) was assessed via online survey using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Screen, the Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).

Ninety-seven subjects (12.6% of the sample) reported IAT scores at risk for PUI. PUI participants reported higher levels of impulsivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and a higher burden of co-occurrent psychiatric sye states. Further research is needed with respect to more severe forms of PUI, also for establishing tailored interventions.

The tendency to strive for immediate gratification by neglecting potential negative long-term outcomes characterizes addictive behaviors, such as substance use or gaming disorder. Problematic social-network use is currently discussed as another potential addictive behavior, which is considered to result from an imbalance between affective and cognitive processes, indicated by traits such as increased impulsivity and/or decreased executive functions and decision-making abilities.

This study investigates the respective functions in social-network users by use of the Cards and Lottery Task (CLT) - a decision-making task under risk conditions in which options contain conflicting immediate and long-term outcomes at the same time. A sample of German and Spanish participants (N=290) performed the CLT as well as the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the short Internet Addiction Test specified for social-networking (sIAT-SNS), and screeners on other potentially problematic behaviors.

Comparing extreme groups based on sIAT-SNS scores (1SD above/below mean), individuals with problematic social-network use (n=56), as compared to those with non-problematic social-network use (n=50), showed increased attentional impulsivity and reduced executive functions. No differences were observed in decision-making performance.

The findings indicate that problematic social-network use is related to attentional rather than general decision-making deficits. Furthermore, problematic social-network use is likely to co-occur with other problematic Internet-use behaviors, particularly gaming or shopping.

The findings indicate that problematic social-network use is related to attentional rather than general decision-making deficits. Furthermore, problematic social-network use is likely to co-occur with other problematic Internet-use behaviors, particularly gaming or shopping.Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is prevalent but often overlooked and undertreated. Left untreated, it is linked to increased risk of untoward outcomes including unemployment, relationship breakups, substance use, driving accidents and other mental health conditions. Several brief screening tools have been developed for adult ADHD. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2636771.html The most frequently used is the World Health Organization's Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS V1.1). Here, we show in two independent population samples (UK N = 642, USA N = 579) that the tool resulted in considerable overestimation of ADHD, indicating probable ADHD in 26.0% and 17.3% of participants, as compared to expected prevalence of 2.5%. The estimated positive predictive value was only ~11.5%. Both samples had normal levels of trait impulsivity as assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. The data indicate that using the ASRS in general population samples will result in 7-10 times over-identification of ADHD. We use these results to highlight how such tools should most appropriately be used. When being used to determine possible cases (such as for onward referral to an ADHD specialist) they should be complemented by clinical assessment - we give examples of how non-specialists might determine this. When measuring ADHD symptoms dimensionally, researchers should be mindful that the ASRS captures impulsive symptoms other than those due to ADHD. Lastly, we note the need to screen for impulse control disorders (e.g., gambling disorder) when using such tools to measure ADHD, be it for onward referral, or for dimensional research studies.

Broadly considered a transdiagnostic feature of psychological disorders, rumination is associated with lower treatment response, slower recovery rates, and higher relapse rates. Accordingly, research has focused on the development of interventions to alleviate rumination. Recently, transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising tool to do so.

We performed a systematic review of sham-controlled tDCS studies targeting rumination among healthy participants or patients with psychiatric disorders, investigating the effectiveness of tDCS in reducing rumination, and assessing the research quality of this nascent field.

We identified nine studies, with five reporting a significant impact of tDCS on rumination. We also outlined a few tDCS parameters (e.g., stimulation duration, electrode size) and research methods' features (e.g., within- versus between-research designs) characterizing those positive-finding studies. However, these studies were characterized by substantial heterogeneity (e.g., methodological flaws, lack of open science practices), precluding any definite statement about the best way to target rumination via tDCS. Moreover, several strong methodological limitations were also present across those studies.

Although our systematic review identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the available research about the impact of tDCS on rumination, it calls for strong efforts to improve this nascent field's current methodological caveats. We discuss how open science practices can help to usher this field forward.

Although our systematic review identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the available research about the impact of tDCS on rumination, it calls for strong efforts to improve this nascent field's current methodological caveats. We discuss how open science practices can help to usher this field forward.

Two of Europe's most influential psychopathologists at the start of the twentieth century (Eugen Bleuler and Karl Jaspers) pointed out the fact that patients rarely act according to their delusions. This study proposes an investigation of how this issue is addressed in psychopathological literature.

This article offers a critical review of psychopathological literature which focuses on the influence of delusional ideation on behaviour.

Phenomenological psychiatry has relied on the paradox pointed out by Bleuler and Jaspers to emphasize disorders of self-experience in psychosis whereas analytical philosophy of delusion has focused on the psychological status of delusion, regarded as belief, certainty, or imagination. The empirical studies conducted during the past three decades - which were devoted to acting on delusion - focused on violent and safety-seeking behaviours. These studies have shown that these behavioural disorders are motivated by an emotional outburst (anger and/or fear) rather than by deldelusional inconsequentiality, but only implicitly, by highlighting the role of affectivity (rather than beliefs) in delusional actions. Given the major implications of better understanding this phenomenon, in terms of psychopathology and clinical practices, we suggest considering delusional inconsequentiality as a promising concept which could guide further research in contemporary psychopathology.

This study considers the evidence for elevated frequencies of "rare" diseases in ancient Panama. Indications of population isolation by multidisciplinary sources allow for the possibility that rare inherited conditions may have been maintained at relatively high prevalences in the region due to gene flow restriction.

A sample of 267 skeletal human remains with diverse demographical characteristics from Pre-Columbian archaeological sites throughout Panama.

Remains were analyzed macroscopically and hard tissue developmental anomalies were documented.

Frequencies of developmental anomalies and hard tissue changes consistent with specific rare genetic diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, on the comparatively few human remains recovered from pre-Columbian archaeological sites are elevated as compared with global averages.

The paleopathological evidence is concordant with a scenario of isolation in Pre-Columbian times and with an increased presence of genetic disorders in the population.

This study advocates for the special consideration of rare diseases by paleopathologists in regions where populations may have experienced prolonged geographical or social isolation in the past.

A dearth of local modern epidemiological data and low sample sizes of preserved human remains in certain regions of the country limited the possibilities of spatiotemporal comparisons of rare disease prevalence.

Further scrutiny of developmental anomalies of genetic origin on ancient Panamanian remains and biomolecular testing of remains for specific disorders should be pursued to confirm the findings of this study.

Further scrutiny of developmental anomalies of genetic origin on ancient Panamanian remains and biomolecular testing of remains for specific disorders should be pursued to confirm the findings of this study.