Martinussentownsend7155

Data on predictors of post-recurrence survival (PRS) of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) have not been reviewed and analysed systematically. We aimed to systematically analyse all published data on the predictors for PRS.

In accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, online search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was done for all reports that evaluate the predictors of PRS based on multivariate analyses. Cumulative analyses of hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% CIs were conducted to assess the potential predictors of PRS.

Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 11,868 patients involved, 1921 (16%) had HCC recurrence within a median time of 16 months. The following were recurrence and tumour-related predictors time to recurrence (<1 year; HR 1.97; p < 0.001), AFP level at recurrence(≥100 ng/ml; HR 1.82; p < 0.001), multiple recurrence (HR 1.22; p < 0.001), bone recurrence (HR 2.10; p < 0.001), poor differentiation (HRo design future prospective studies or clinical trials.Air filters effectively filtrate external contaminants including pathogenic bioaerosols; however, they also act as culture sites for the pathogenic bacteria captured in nutrient organic pollutants. Although many researchers have applied various antibacterial coatings to filters, the coating application inevitably increased the pressure drop, leading to the low efficiency and high energy consumption of the purification system. Herein, we report a simple nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) coating technique to confer a polypropylene nonwoven filter with superior antibacterial, antifouling and anti-biofilm properties without an additional pressure drop. For aerodynamic coating designs, filters were directly immersed into low concentration precursor solutions to enable the sedimentation of the ZnO sol-gel particles on the filter fibers according to fluid dynamic. The precursor concentration affected the surface topology and so properties of the as-fabricated coating. 0.07 M precursor solution produced a rose-like nanostructured coating exhibiting no pressure-drop increase. The large specific surface area and hydrophobic surface killed and then repelled the attached bacteria effectively. As a result, the bare filter promoted the growth and consequent biofilm formation of the surface bacteria in a favorable environment for the growth of microorganisms, while the coated filter successfully suppressed biofilm development.Noble metals have been extensively employed as high active catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are usually subjected to serious surface transformation and poor structural stability, especially in acid media, which need imperatively remedied. Herein, the interfacial engineering of Ru via few-layer carbon (Ru@FLC) was carried out, in which FLC can significantly suppress the corrosion of Ru in acid media, ensuring the efficient interfacial charge transport between Ru and FLC. As a result, a low overpotentials@10 mA cm-2 of 258 mV and small Tafel slopes of 53.1 mV dec-1 for oxygen evolution OER were achieved in acid media. DFT calculations disclose that outer FLC could induce charge redistribution and effectively optimize intermediates free energy adsorption, resulting in greatly reduce the energy barrier for OER. Our work may offer a new avenue to produce progressive OER electrocatalysts for energy-related applications in acid solution.Carbon nitride hollow spheres (CNHS) with adjustable sizes were successfully fabricated via a template-free supramolecular pre-assembly strategy, in which melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) hollow spheres were constructed through hydrogen bonds. A feasible formation mechanism was proposed, which coupled an inside-out Ostwald ripening with the supramolecular pre-assembly process. Interestingly, the sizes of MCA could be manipulated by changing the pre-assembly temperature. Consequently, the sizes of CNHS were adjustable. The optimal CNHS exhibited excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (98.6 μmol/h) in the visible-light region, which was approximately 11 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride calcined by melamine. The significantly improved performance was due to the contributions including the unique architectures with remarkable light absorption ability, high electrical conductivity, relatively narrowed band gap, fast charge separation. This work provides a facile template-free supramolecular pre-assembly strategy to fabricate carbon nitride hollow spheres with adjustable sizes for the first time.The characterization of the protein corona has become an essential part of understanding the biological properties of nanomaterials. This is also important in the case of mesoporous silica particles intended for use as drug delivery excipients. A combination of scattering, imaging and protein characterization techniques is used here to assess the effect of particle shape and growth of the reversible (soft) and strongly bound (hard) corona of three types mesoporous silica particles with different aspect ratios. Notable differences in the protein composition, surface coverage and particle agglomeration of the protein corona-particle complex point to specific protein adsorption profiles highly dependent on exposed facets and aspect ratio. Spherical particles form relatively homogeneous soft and hard protein coronas (approx.10 nm thick) with higher albumin content. In contrast to rod-shaped and faceted particles, which possess soft coronas weakly bound to the external surface and influenced to a greater extent by the particle morphology. These differences are likely important contributors to observed changes in biological properties, such as cell viability and immunological behaviour, with mesoporous silica particle shape.Underwater facilities are often perplexed by severe and ubiquitous biofouling. The widely applied commercial antifouling materials still have several challenges in static applications. Herein, a polymer containing isoborneol and borane (PBABs), the borneol derivative structure and grafted pyridine-triphenylborane (PTPB) as antifouling groups were prepared by radical polymerization. selleck products PBABs showed high antibacterial rates for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of up to 95.1% and 81.1%, respectively, confirming superior antibacterial adhesion propertys. More importantly, PBABs effectively reduced the expression of mussel adhesion protein, indicating superior antifouling propertys, resulting from the synergistic effect of multiple antifouling functional groups on the material's surface. Therefore, the PBABs have been evaluated as noncytotoxic, low-cost, easily synthesized, and mass-produced, which demonstrates their great potential for actual marine applications.

It is hypothesized that grafting zwitterionic nanohydrogel (ZNG) helps to achieve anti-asphaltene properties on cellulosic substrates, thus overcoming the fouling issue of natural cellulosic materials for treating oily emulsions. It is also hypothesized that ZNG coatings enhance the water-binding affinity of the substrates, resulting in an outstanding water-removal performance on asphaltene-stabilized emulsions with long-term stability.

A cellulosic substrate was derived from nature basswood via a sequence of delignification and carboxylation processes. The ZNG-DBS composite was then developed by esterification to covalently graft ZNGs on the inner channels of the substrate. The water-binding affinity, wettability, water-removal performance for treating water in asphaltene-stabilized emulsions were evaluated via characterizing the filtration/absorption, and anti-fouling mechanism of the ZNG-DBS.

ZNG coatings enhance the hydration capability of the basswood substrate, allowing it to absorb water emulsionconversion of widely accessible wood resources to functional materials with great potential in the practical treatment of oily wastewater.A novel three-dimensional multi-level porous g-C3N4 modified MXene-derived TiO2@C aerogel (g-C3N4/TiO2@C aerogel) was synthesized for NO removal. Through SEM analysis, 2D g-C3N4 and 2D Ti3C2 nanosheets were constructed into an interconnected macroscopic framework with continuous macropores via ice template. OD TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly covered 2D C nanosheets with irregular mesopores and macropores in in-situ oxidation of Ti3C2 nanosheets by calcination via TEM analysis. g-C3N4/TiO2@C aerogel for photocatalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) had an excellent efficiency of 90.7% for NO removal at parts per million level. This efficiency was 4.9 times and 7.8 times that of g-C3N4/TiO2@C aerogel and H2O2 individually, due to the synergy between photocatalysis and H2O2 oxidation. Meantime, g-C3N4/TiO2@C aerogel exhibited an enhanced performance compared with g-C3N4 nanosheet (55.7%) and TiO2@C aerogel (38.5%). It was attributed to the large specific surface area (93.82 m2/g) with hierarchical mesoporous and macroporous structure and the 2D/OD/2D heterojunction of g-C3N4/TiO2@C aerogel, further enhancing electron-hole separation. The mechanism was hypothesized that g-C3N4/TiO2@C aerogel activated H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O2-) for oxidation of NO.In this study, a rapid, low-cost and facile method for detecting exosomes was developed by engineering DNA ligands on the surface of an iron-based metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF). Aptamers of exosomal transmembrane CD63 protein (CD63-aptamers) were utilized as both the optically active layer and the exosome-specific recognition element to engineer an Fe-MOF bio-interface for high-efficiency regulation of the catalytic behavior of Fe-MOF toward the chromogenic substrate. The effective enhancement of the intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity was confirmed via the self-assembly of CD63-aptamers on the surface of Fe-MOF. The specific binding of exosomes with CD63-aptamers altered the conformation of DNA ligands on the surface of Fe-MOF, contributing to sensitive variation in Fe-MOF catalytic activity. This directly produced a distinct color change and enabled the visual detection of exosomes. Via one-step "mixing-and-detection", the Fe-MOF bio-interface exhibited excellent performance in quantitative analysis of exosomes derived from human breast cancer cell lines ranging from 1.1 × 105 to 2.2 × 107 particles/μL with a detection limit of 5.2 × 104 particles/μL. The expression of exosomal CD63 proteins originated from three types of cancer cell lines, including breast cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer cell lines, was differentiated within only 17 min. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the identification of exosomes in serum samples, suggesting its potential in clinical analysis as a valuable tool for the rapid, convenient and economical testing of exosomes.Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) play important roles in the field of hydrogen energy preparation and pollution treatment. In this work, by merging bimetallic Co-Mo oxides with metallic Co on the graphite felt (GF), we effectively manufacture a 3D bifunctional and highly efficient electrocatalyst (CoMoO@Co/GF) with multi-site functionality for the simultaneous reduction of water and the oxidation of urea in an alkaline medium. The presence of metallic Co causes Co-Mo oxides to evolve from amorphous to crystalline structures. The coupling interface produced between metallic Co and Co-Mo oxides is proven to facilitate electron transport in addition to extensively accessible and highly electroactive Co-Mo oxide nanoflower architecture. The experimental results reveal that the overpotentials for OER and UOR in the CoMoO@Co/GF electrode require only 269 and 115 mV to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, with the aid of urea, the overpotential for HER at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 is lowered to 155 mV.