Martinsenwaters4073

In contrast, the homogeneous approach with TEMPO as a redox-mediating catalyst in the anolyte is efficient in the light-driven oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde over 32 hours, promoted by the efficient electron mediation of TEMPO between AP11 and the organic substrate. Our work demonstrates that operational limitations in DSPECs can be solved by rational device design using diffusion-mediated electron transfer steps.Acer negundo L. is popular as ornamental shade trees. In this study, we sequenced, assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of A. negundo. The genome sequence of A. negundo was 155,910 bp, consisting of a large single-copy region with 85,650 bp (LSC), a small single-copy region with 18,092 bp (SSC), and two inverted repeat regions with 26,084 and 26,090 bp (IRs). The GC content in the chloroplast genome of A. negundo was 37.9%. A total of 127 functional genes were predicted, including 83 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. As shown in the phylogenetic tree, A. negundo was clustered into a monophyletic cluster.In this study, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802). The mitogenome was found to contain 14,990 base pairs (67.53% A + T content), with a total of 37 genes (13 protein coding, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs). This study also examined mitogenome phylogenetics relationships of closely related species and recovered that D. cuprea is closely related to eunicids. This work has added to the genetic resources for furthering evolutionary studies of Annelida.Camellia gigantocarpa Hu et T. C. Huang, belonging to the Theaceae family, is an excellent landscape tree species with high ornamental value. It is also an important woody oil-bearing plant with high economic value. This study reports the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. gigantocarpa (GenBank accession number MZ054232). Its whole chloroplast genome is 156,953 bp long with an overall GC content of 37.31%, which is composed of a large single copy region (86,631 bp), a small single copy region (18,402 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (25,960 bp each). A total of 135 genes were predicted in this genome, namely eight ribosomal RNA genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and 90 protein-coding genes. Based on maximum likelihood analysis results, we found that the Camellia species are clustered into a distinct branch, and the phylogenetic relationships among C. gigantocarpa, C. crapnelliana, and C. kissii were the closest.Tetramorium tsushimae (Emery, 1925) is an omnivorous ant species native to East Asia and has been introduced to North America. The mitochondrial genome of T. tsushimae is 19,207 bp in length with an A + T content of 81.3% and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. This sequence data would play an important role in the investigation of mitochondrial evolution of the subfamily Myrmicinae.The first complete mitochondrial genome of Lixus subtilis Boheman is reported in this study. The circular genome is 15,223 bp long, including a standard set of 21 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes, and a non-coding control region. The trnI gene was not found in the L. subtilis mitogenome. All tRNAs had the typical cloverleaf structure, except for trnS1, which lacked the dihydrouridine arm. The phylogenetic tree of 13 Curculionidae species based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of complete mitochondrial genomes strongly supported that L. subtilis is closely related to Curculioninae and Molytinae.Gynostemma microspermum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen is an endemic creeping herbaceous species mainly distributed in dense forests on limestone in northwestern China. Here, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of G. microspermum was obtained by Illumina pair-end sequencing. The circular complete chloroplast genome of G. microspermum is 158,692 bp in length and contains a large single copy region (87,452 bp), a small single copy region (19,068 bp) and two short inverted repeat regions (26,086 bp). The genome sequence encodes 133 genes including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 pseudogene. The maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny estimation shows that G. microspermum is sister to all other analyzed species of the genus Gynostemma with high bootstrap support.Lilium concolor Salisb. is a perennial herb with high ornamental and medicinal value in China. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of L. concolor was assembled using high-throughput sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of L. Vemurafenib order concolor is 152,625 bp in length and consists of large single-copy (82,056 bp) and small single-copy (17,585 bp) regions, and a pair of inverted repeat (26,492 bp) regions. A total of 131 genes were annotated, these included 85 protein-coding, 38 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes, with an overall GC content of 37.0%. Phylogenetic analysis with 48 chloroplast genomes fully resolved L. concolor in a clade with L. amabile, L. callosum, and L. pumilum. This study further confirmed that chloroplast genomes in the genus Lilium are highly conserved, which supports the conclusions from previous reports.The Loggerhead sponge (Spheciospongia vesparium) is an ecologically important marine species of sponge that provides habitat and food sources to biodiversity hotspots in the Caribbean Sea and along the coasts of Florida. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the sponge, S. vesparium was sequenced and reported. The mitochondrial genome of S. vesparium was 21,763 base pairs, and consisted of 14 protein-coding genes, 26 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The total nucleotide content comprised 31.01% A, 36.04% T, 11.08% C, and 21.88% G, with a lower GC content of 32.95%. This study provides a phylogenetic analysis of S. vesparium and relative sponges in Demospongiae.Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides), is a perennial and tussock C4 grass from the genus Chrysopogon of Poaceae, which has been widely used as a natural and inexpensive resource for multifarious environmental applications. The complete mitogenome of C. zizanioides was 551,622 bp in length, containing 40 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 19 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and six ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). All PCGs started with ATG and stopped with TNN (TAA, TAG, and TGA). The overall nucleotide composition is 28.2% A, 28.2% T, 21.7% G, and 21.9% C, with a biased A + T content of 56.4%. Phylogenetic analysis using 14 PCGs of 22 species showed that C. zizanioides display a close relationship with Saccharum officinarum (LC107874) and Sorghum bicolor (DQ984518) in Poaceae.Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh (L. chinense) is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Hamamelidaceae. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequence of L. chinense is 159,451 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy region with 88,166 bp (LSC), a small single-copy region with 18,773 bp (SSC), and two inverted repeat regions with 26,256 bp (IRs). The GC content in the chloroplast genome of L. chinense is 38.0%. The chloroplast genome of L. chinense contained 125 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree showed that L. chinense was closely related to L. subcordatum.As one of efforts to conserve a genetic resource of the endemic cobitid species in the Korean peninsula, the complete mitogenome of Cobitis hankugensis (Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant, 2003) was determined using Illumina MiSeq system. The circular mitogenome was 16,557 bp length and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. Only the COX1 gene was identified with an aberrant initiation codon GTG, and an incomplete termination codon (T-/TA-) was identified in six PCGs including COX2, COX3, ND2, ND3, ND4, and Cytb genes. Phylogenetic analysis using 30 mitochondrial genomes belonging to Cobitidae, Botiidae, and Gyrinocheilidae showed that the highest identity (92.38%) with Kichulchoia brevifasciata (NC_027166). The complete mitogenome of C. hankugensis, an endemic species in Korea, will provide fundamental data on the evolutionary relationship of Cobitidae species.Artabotrys pilosus (Annonaceae) is endemic to China, this plant has high medicinal value and broad application prospect. In this study, we assembled and systematically analyzed the chloroplast genome of A. pilosus on the basis of DNA sequencing using high-throughput techniques. The chloroplast sequence of A. pilosus was 178,195 bp in length, including two inverted repeat regions of 42,150 bp, a large single-copy region of 90,797 bp and a small single-copy region of 3098 bp. It was predicted to contain 142 genes, of which 96 are coding, 38 are tRNA genes, and eight are rRNA genes. The overall GC content was 38.8%; this was higher in the IRs (40.4%) when compared to the LSC (37.6%) and the SSC (32%) regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. pilosus is in subfamily Annonoideae.Sedum tricarpum Makino., is a perennial succulent herb, which was first discovered and established as a new species ten years ago. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of S. tricarpum. It shows a typical quadripartite structure with a total length of 149,349 bp, including the large single-copy region (LSC) of 81,644 bp, the small single-copy region (SSC) of 16,643 bp, and two separated inverted regions (IRs) of 25,531 bp, respectively. For the whole genome, there are a total of 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the cp genome is 37.8%. A well-supported phylogenetic tree revealed monophyly formed by S. tricarpum and S. sarmentosum, suggesting a relatively closer phylogenetic relationship with the clade consisting of S. lineare and Graptopetalum amethystinum. The complete chloroplast genome of S. tricarpum provides valuable information for further phylogenetic reconstruction of the Crassulaceae family.Callianthe picta likes a warm and humid climate, is resistant to barrenness, and is easy to reproduce. Its petals and leaves can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and can also be used to relax the muscles and collaterals. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. picta to investigate its phylogenetic relationship in the family Abutilon. The complete chloroplast size of C. picta is 160,398 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 89,088 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 20,138 bp, a pair of invert repeats (IRs) regions of 25,586 bp. The GC content of the whole complete chloroplast genome is 37.0%. We annotated 128 genes in the genome in detail, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. picta was closely related to Abutilon theophrati.Trapa L. (Lythraceae), also called water chestnut, is a genus widely distributed in the Old World. With the high edible and medical values, the water chestnut has been cultivated popularly in China since the Tang and Song Dynasties. Among all cultivars, T. acornis Nakano is one of the most current commercial one, which grown in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China. However, due to the limited availability of molecular marker resources of T. acornis, we still have difficulty in its identification and utilization. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of T. acornis. The result demonstrated that the chloroplast genome was 155,538 bp in length, consisting of a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,275 bp, a large single copy (LSC) region of 88,492 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 24,386 bp. The chloroplast genome contains a total of 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The phylogenomic analysis demonstrated the sister relationship between T.