Martinjonassen1069

Background It has been indicated that abnormal glucose metabolism mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) played an essential role in the development of solid tumor. However, there were rare studies about the role of them in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Objective To investigate the protein levels of HIF-1α, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in PCNSL and whether their levels are associated with prognostic factors. Methods Expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1, and HK2 in 39 tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical stainning. selleck inhibitor The correlation of the expression of HIF-1α with the protein level of GLUT1 and HK2 was investigated. In addition, the association between these protein expression levels and clinical parameters and prognosis was analyzed. Results In the tumor specimens of PCNSL, positive stainings of HIF-1α, GLUT1, and HK2 were in 23 patients (58.97%), 25 patients (64.1%), and 26 patients (66.67%), respectively, which were associated with the expression level of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), but not with age, gender, number of lesion, ECOG score, or deep structure. The expression of HIF-1α was positively correlated with the expression of GLUT1 (p less then .01, r = .749) and HK2 (p less then .01, r = .787). Univariate analysis showed that upregulated GLUT1 was unfavorable predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) in PCNSL. The results of Cox proportional hazards model showed GLUT1 was significantly associated with shorter PFS (hazard ration 5.65; 95% confidence interval 1.23-25.84; p = .026). Conclusions This study indicated that there was a hypoxic microenvironment and HIF-1α was involved in the regulation of glycolysis pathway in PCNSL. GLUT1 might be a potential marker for shorter PFS in PCNSL.Introduction Seasonal variations of allergic diseases have been of great interest in clinical practice, but large-scale epidemiological data in the real world is lacking. Methods We conducted a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database to examine the seasonalities of allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, we investigated the correlations between the monthly patient numbers of each disease and climate factors such as daytime length, temperature, daily temperature range, humidity, solar radiation, rainfall, UVA dose, UVB dose, and PM10. Results The highest seasonal variation was identified in AC, followed by AR, asthma, and AD. AR was most prevalent in September and least prevalent in July and was positively correlated with a daily temperature range. Asthma had peaked in the winter and spring and was negatively correlated with both temperature and humidity. AC had dual peaks in May and September and the valley in winter. AD was prevalent between May and August with the lowest visits in winter and positively correlated with temperature. Conclusions We demonstrated a clear seasonality of four allergic diseases. Korea is located in a temperate region with four distinct seasons, with 50 million people all having a single health insurance system. Therefore, our data reflects all hospital visits in Korea with the least chance for selection bias.Purpose The present clinical study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxiracetam combined with ginkgo biloba extract in treating patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Ninety-eight patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital were divided into three groups. The differences of brain edema and cerebral hemorrhage were compared between the three groups after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, and the recovery of neurological function, serum inflammatory factors, AQP-4, MMP-9, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and adverse reactions were compared between the three groups after 2 weeks of treatment. Results There was no significant difference among the three groups before treatment (p > .05). After treatment, the recovery of neurological function, serum inflammatory factors, AQP-4, MMP-9 levels, cognitive function, and activities of daily living were improved. Among them, the neurological function recovery, serum inflammatory factors, AQP-4, MMP-9 levels, cognitive function, and activities of daily living in the combined treatment group and the control group elicited greater results than those in the routine group. The results of the combined treatment group showed the most significant difference (p less then .05). The concentration of IL-6 decreased from 135.98 ± 12.54 to 91.83 ± 7.69 pg/ml, AQP-4 from 227.55 μg/L ± 21.06 to 114.31 ± 9.22 μg/L, and MMP-9 from 172.39 ± 9.81 to 94.98 ± 5.01 ng/ml. In addition, the neurological function recovery, the levels of serum inflammatory factors, cognitive function, and activities of daily living in the combined treatment group were better than those in the control group (p less then .05). The mean score of MRS in the combined treatment group decreased from 3.36 ± 0.98 at admission to 1.91 ± 0.38. Conclusion Oxiracetam combined with Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage has a significant improvement effect.The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of let-7b on osteoporosis (OP). Synthetic let-7b mimics or inhibitors were transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of let-7b in MC3T3-E1 and its effect on cell viability, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-9) were tested by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and Western blot, severally. The osteogenic differentiation markers (Runx2 and Osterix) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway related markers (β-catenin and C-myc) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The relationships between let-7b and cyclin D1 (CCND1) were confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red staining. The outcomes indicated that overexpression/ablation of let-7b repressed/facilitated MC3T3-E1 cell viability and accelerated/suppressed MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. Besides, a remarkable decrease/augment of Bcl-2 protein expression and the distinct fortify/reduction of Bax and cleaved caspase-9 expression levels were observed in let-7b mimics/inhibitors group in MC3T3-E1 cells.