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46% expressed that counselling also helped to improve their performance in practicals. 65% told us that their skills both in theory and practical had improved after the session. 39% consented that counselling relieved them of anxiety. 67% recognised that their knowledge in the subject of anatomy had increased. 75% were of the view that similar sessions should be conducted more frequently. 40% preferred to express their views in their regional language. 85% students advised us to carry forward these sessions to the next batches.

Our study highlights the need for counselling to solve multifaceted adjustment problems.

Our study highlights the need for counselling to solve multifaceted adjustment problems.

The Quality of life is a broad-ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person's physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs, and their relationship to salient features of their environment. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many quarantine and isolation measures and lockdown of the nation for the foreseeable future. Although these initiatives are necessary to prevent the spread of coronavirus they may be causing adverse mental health effects. Medical students are backbone and future of the health system and the general public always looks up to them as a role model of society. With this background, this study aims to assess the quality of life among medical students during the lockdown period amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

A self-administered, pretested, questionnaire based on World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) standard quality of life was used. For internal reliability and structural validity, Cro the psychological domain of Quality of Life among all the four domains. Physical activity and screen time was an important factor to the QOL of students, and it is likely that students would benefit from increased physical activity and minimizing screen time.

Pleuroscopy is an appropriate technique for visualization and biopsy of the pleural lesions, performed by two different techniques. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of semi-rigid and rigid pleuroscopy in patients with lymphocyte dominant exudative pleural effusion.

In this study, patients with lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion with negative results for tuberculosis who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran; from 2018 to 2019 were selected by census method and randomized to undergo semi-rigid or rigid pleuroscopy (30 in each group). Patients' demographic, such as age and gender, were recorded and the pathologic results reported by the two pleuroscopy methods were compared and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were reported for each method. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v. 21.

Thirty patients were included in each group. The frequency of tuberculosis, malignancy, and other causes of pleural effusion had no difference between the two methods (

> 0.05). Semirigid pleuroscopy had a sensitivity of 81.5%, specificity of 66.6%, PPV of 75.6%, and NPV of 74%, while the relevant values in rigid pleuroscopy were 87.2%, 68.4%, 87.2%, and 68.4%, respectively.

These results, consistent with previous studies, indicated that both semi-rigid and semi-flexible pleuroscopy methods are accurate for diagnosis of lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion when performed by skilled specialists and other considerations, such as availability and costs, can be used for selection of each method.

These results, consistent with previous studies, indicated that both semi-rigid and semi-flexible pleuroscopy methods are accurate for diagnosis of lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion when performed by skilled specialists and other considerations, such as availability and costs, can be used for selection of each method.

Caffeine use and abuse is a concern among treatment seekers for psychological problems. This aspect has not been documented an Indian context as well as its relevance in primary care setting. The aim of the present study was to explore and compare the caffeine intake and prevalence in Indian psychiatric patients and healthy subjects.

Caffeine analysis in urine samples was carried out using a gold technique, gas chromatograph and mass selective detectors. This analytical technique is highly sensitive for identification of unambiguous compound. Two hundred and forty-three subjects having psychiatric disorders, along with forty-two healthy subjects were included in the study. They were assessed by using structured interview for caffeine use and screened for substance dependence as well.

One hundred twenty-eight subjects had history of substance use along with other comorbid psychiatric problems The mean of caffeine values was 1459 ± 1140 ng/mL, Whereas 42 subjects in control group (male 26, female 16) in the age group of 21-60 years had the mean caffeine levels of 1023 ± 788.8 ng/mL. The Caffeine use was significantly higher (

≥ 0.84) in the subjects with psychiatric problems in comparison to the healthy subjects.

It implies the need to enable and sensitize the primary care physicians in screening and educating treatment seekers with psychiatric morbidities for the management of caffeine use.

It implies the need to enable and sensitize the primary care physicians in screening and educating treatment seekers with psychiatric morbidities for the management of caffeine use.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a leading cause of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, this study was undertaken for detection and to observe genotypic distribution of the virus in this geographical region.

The aim of the study was to quantitatively detect HCV RNA in Hepatitis C patients and to determine the distribution pattern of its genotypes by real time polymerase chain reaction.

This is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. In seropositive Hepatitis C patients, quantification of HCV-RNA was done by real time PCR and in HCV-RNA positive samples, genotyping for HCV was conducted.

A total of 300 patients were recruited in the study, of which 165 were anti HCV positive and among them, 127 were HCV-RNA positive. These positive samples were further subjected to genotype determination using real time PCR. 98 samples were positive for genotype, where genotype 3 was seen in 90 patients, genotype 1, in 3 patients and genotype 4, in 5 patients.

Knowledge of genotype is crucial for management of HCV infection and prediction of prognosis. Patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and 4 will have to receive IFN and ribavirin for a period of 48 weeks and show a poor sustained viral response. On the contrary, patients infected with HCV genotype 2 and 3 are reported to have better response to therapy.

Knowledge of genotype is crucial for management of HCV infection and prediction of prognosis. Patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and 4 will have to receive IFN and ribavirin for a period of 48 weeks and show a poor sustained viral response. On the contrary, patients infected with HCV genotype 2 and 3 are reported to have better response to therapy.

The present study was conducted to assess the association of tobacco and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular risk factors among elderly population living at high altitude regions of India.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1003 elderly people living in district Nainital, Uttarakhand state, India. Thirty subjects were identified from 30 villages using population proportionate to size sampling methodology. click here The data on the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, mini nutritional assessment, Barthel activities of daily living scale, height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, and total cholesterol was collected.

We found that smoking tobacco was associated with high cholesterol, lower body mass index, and low nutritional status (all,

< 0.05). Elderly subjects who consumed alcohol had 1.56 times higher risk of having high fasting blood glucose.

Consumption of tobacco and alcohol increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases among elderly subjects. There is a need to improve these modifiable health behaviors through targeted educational and rehabilitation programs.

Consumption of tobacco and alcohol increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases among elderly subjects. There is a need to improve these modifiable health behaviors through targeted educational and rehabilitation programs.

Our primary objective is to investigate the baseline status of patients' awareness, knowledge, and attitudes to patient safety. The secondary objective of this research is to determine factors that influence patients' knowledge regarding patient safety.

We performed a cross-sectional study with a targeted sample of 410 patients at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Self-administered paper-based questionnaires were distributed to outpatient clinics on February 2, 2019 until March 20, 2019. Finally, the data were analyzed by (SPSS).

There were 450 questioners distributed, and 410 were completed and returned (91% response rate). Most of the patients were below the age of 50 (77.9%), 54.8%, of them were females, and almost half received higher education (54.1%). Among the respondents who are taking drugs, 21.6% do not have any knowledge about the side effects of their drugs, and 47.8% of patients said that their physicians do not tell them the side effects of their prescribed drugs. Whereas 20.7% of patients claimed that they experienced a medical error, 66.3% did not report the errors, and the reason was not knowing how to report or to whom in 54.4% of the patients. In regards of infection control, 47% of the participants misunderstood means to prevent the spread of the infections and how it could be transmitted.

Patients' knowledge about patient safety need to be improved. We suggest educating the patients by providing training programs for patients, and we recommend further studies.

Patients' knowledge about patient safety need to be improved. We suggest educating the patients by providing training programs for patients, and we recommend further studies.

Domestic violence was identified as a major contributor to the global burden of ill health in terms of female morbidity leading to psychological trauma and depression, injuries, sexually transmitted diseases, suicide, and murder.

The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of different types of lifetime domestic violence against women, factors associated with it, and care-seeking behavior.

An observational cross-sectional study conducted at a slum of Burdwan district of West Bengal, India.

Study was done among 320 ever-married women of 15-49 years of age using a predesigned pretested proforma from March 2019 to December 2019 by face-to-face interview.

Data were compiled and analyzed by EpiInfo 6 and SPSS 20 version.

The overall prevalence of any form of violence during the lifetime among the study population was 35.63%. Verbal/psychological violence was the most common form of domestic violence (91.23%) followed by physical (82.46%) and sexual violence (64.91%). Slapping and/or beating, kicking, and object throwing were the major forms of physical violence; humiliation (88.