Markussenjosefsen2405

losure across journals may remove author judgment regarding payment relevance to published material and help eliminate remaining COI errors. Authors may reference the OPD prior to submitting disclosures to prevent potential discrepancies and identify errors within the database. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Relationships with industry offer opportunities for innovation, education, and research, but overlooking COI self-reporting may erode confidence in the academic integrity of the hand surgery literature. PURPOSE Replant survival rates have reportedly declined over the past decade. Although this problem is multifactorial, 1 potential solution may include the development of a relevant teaching model. The development of an in vivo animal model that can be used for surgical training could enhance surgeon and resident experience and potentially improve outcomes. Here, we present a novel training model for digit replantation using turkey digits. METHODS Six mature male Bourbon Red turkeys were included in this study. With the animal under general anesthesia, the third digit on either the left or the right foot was randomly selected and amputated. The medial and lateral digital neurovascular bundles were dissected on both sides and the digit was replanted. Perfusion was confirmed prior to skin closure. The foot was casted prior to extubating the turkeys. Turkeys were then placed in a non-weight-bearing sling. Digit status was evaluated twice daily. RESULTS All 6 replanted digits were viable immediately after surgery and for at least 24 hours after surgery. The average digit survival was 6 days with a maximum survival of 15 days. All digits were eventually lost owing to a variety of reasons including infection and arterial thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS The turkey digit proved to be a successful short-term animal training model for digit replantation. Future studies are needed to determine optimum standard surgical procedure and postoperative care to maximize the educational benefits of this training model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To establish an animal model that can simulate digital replantation. INTRODUCTION An evaluation to compare the traditional tattoo based set up procedure with a surface guided method to assess the possibility of eliminating permanent tattoos in breast cancer patents who are undergoing radiotherapy to the breast/chest wall. METHODS Forty-three patients that were having radiotherapy to the breast or chest wall were included in this evaluation. The patients were divided into two groups and further divided into 2 sub-groups. The first group received standard dark ink tattoos and were positioned by aligning these tattoos with lasers. The second group had no tattoo's and were positioned using the Surface-Guided technology (SGRT). Within each group the patients were split into 2 sub-group; right and left sided treatment areas. The right side were treated using a Free-Breathing (FB) technique and the left sided were treated using a Deep-Inspiration Breath-Hold (DIBH) technique. this website RESULTS For the patients having right sided breast radiotherapy, the mean shift using the standard tattoos and laser set up was 0.52 cm, compared with using the SGRT method where the mean shift was 0.47 cm. (p-value 0.04) For patients having left sided breast radiotherapy with DIBH the mean shift using the standard tattoo's and laser set up was 0.76 cm, compared with a mean shift of 0.45 cm using SGRT alone (p-value  less then  0.001). CONCLUSION The elimination of tattoos together with SGRT offers a comparable set-up for right sided breast treatments against the traditional tattoo method. A significant set-up improvement was observed for the left sided breast DIBH treatments. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE To set up patients having breast Radiotherapy, with no tattoo's. Crown All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to search existing literature to identify comfort interventions that can be used to assist an adult patient to undergo complex radiotherapy requiring positional stability for periods greater than 10 min. The objectives of this review were to; 1) identify comfort interventions used for clinical procedures that involve sustained inactivity similar to radiotherapy; 2) define characteristics of comfort interventions for future practice; and 3) determine the effectiveness of identified comfort interventions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses statement and the Template-for-Intervention-Description-and Replication guide were used. KEY FINDINGS The literature search was performed using PICO criteria with five databases (AMED, CINAHL EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) identifying 5269 titles. After screening, 46 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen interventions were reported and were grouped into four categories Audio-visuatient choice and determining if multiple interventions can be used concurrently to improve effectiveness. Crown All rights reserved.Throughout history, within numerous multicultural contexts across the globe, channeling has been expressed, practiced, revered and shunned. Broadly defined, channeling is "communication of information to or through a physically embodied human being, from a source that is said to exist on some other level or dimension of reality than the physical as we know it, and that is not from the normal mind…of the channel" (Klimo, 1998, p. 2). Despite its persistence and presence across time, the enigmatic, speculative nature of channeling creates a unique research challenge. Historically, scientific channeling research tends to minimize attention on the actual channeled material, in part due to validation constraints. The focus of this qualitative exploration was to categorize and thematically analyze content channeled during the final segment of a trance channeling study. Recorded over two days, 13 healthy adult trance channels responded to the question, "Do you have any suggestions/messages regarding the current or future channeling experiments?" Transcribed content analysis revealed seven common themes under three categories - Scientific Methodology (1) Constraints of the current quantitative study, (2) Advancing channeling research; Channeling Processes(3) 'How-to' of channeling, (4) Experienced processes described from the "non-physical being's" point-of-view; Open-Ended Information (5) Philosophical - personal to global to universal, (6) Gratitude and Collaborative spirit, and (7) Personal messages for healing/growth. Themes 2 and 6 were the most represented content of messages delivered. This analysis was designed to present the experiences of the channelers, how that might be interpreted and to provide global access to the potentially valuable content.