Marcustierney0449

To the best of our knowledge, no observers have previously been designed for the computational network model of neural populations. selleck chemical The design of state feedback neuromodulation schemes based on the computational network model of neural populations is a new direction in the field of computational neuroscience.This work investigates the multi-fractal nature of a turbulent urban atmosphere using high-resolution atmospheric data. Meteorological and concentration measurements of passive and reactive pollutants collected over a 3-year period in a sub-urban high-Reynolds number atmospheric field were analyzed. Scaling laws characterizing the self-similarity and thereby depicting the multi-fractal nature are determined by calculating the singularity spectra, where a range of Hölder exponents, h, are estimated. In doing so, the complexity of the urban atmosphere entailing different stability regimes was addressed. Using the Monin-Obukhov length (LMO) as a marker of atmospheric stability and thereby an indication of the magnitude of anisotropy, we find where and how self-similarity is manifested relative to the different regimes and we estimate corresponding appropriate scaling laws. We find that the wind speed obeys the -5/3 law suggested by Kolmogorov only when the atmosphere lies within the stable regime as defined by Mon of their data fluctuation.This paper approaches the problem of analyzing the bifurcation phenomena in three-dimensional discontinuous maps, using a piecewise linear approximation in the neighborhood of a border. The existence conditions of periodic orbits are analytically calculated and bifurcations of different periodic orbits are illustrated through numerical simulations. We have illustrated the peculiar features of discontinuous bifurcations involving a stable fixed point, a period-2 cycle, a saddle fixed point, etc. The occurrence of multiple attractor bifurcation and hyperchaos are also demonstrated.Recently, physical billiards were introduced where a moving particle is a hard sphere rather than a point as in standard mathematical billiards. It has been shown that in the same billiard tables, the physical billiards may have totally different dynamics than mathematical billiards. This difference appears if the boundary of a billiard table has visible singularities (internal corners if the billiard table is two-dimensional); i.e., the particle may collide with these singular points. Here, we consider the collision of a hard ball with a visible singular point and demonstrate that the motion of the smooth ball after collision with a visible singular point is indeed the one that was used in the studies of physical billiards. Therefore, such collision is equivalent to the elastic reflection of hard ball's center off a sphere with the center at the singular point and the same radius as the radius of the moving particle. However, a ball could be rough, not smooth. In difference with a smooth ball, a rough ball also acquires rotation after reflection off a point of the boundary, which leads to more complicated dynamics.In this paper, we study conditions under which the zero-set of the inverse Jacobi multiplier of a smooth vector field contains its attractor/repeller compact sets. The work generalizes previous results focusing on sink singularities, orbitally asymptotic limit cycles, and monodromic attractor graphics. Taking different flows on the torus and the sphere as canonical examples of attractor/repeller sets with different topologies, several examples are constructed illustrating the results presented.The reduction of nitroarenes to anilines as well as azobenzenes to hydrazobenzenes using a single base-metal catalyst is reported. The hydrogenation reactions are performed with an air-and moisture-stable manganese catalyst and proceed under relatively mild reaction conditions. The transformation tolerates a broad range of functional groups, affording aniline derivatives and hydrazobenzenes in high yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via a bifunctional activation involving metal-ligand cooperative catalysis.Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides with direct bandgaps are emerging candidates for optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and electro-optic modulators. Here we report a low-loss integrated platform incorporating molybdenum ditelluride monolayers with silicon nitride photonic microresonators. We achieve microresonator quality factors >3 × 106 in the telecommunication O- to E-bands. This paves the way for low-loss, hybrid photonic integrated circuits with layered semiconductors, not requiring heterogeneous wafer bonding.An unprecedented reductive [2 + 1] annulation of α-keto esters with alkynones mediated by P(NMe2)3 is described. Although this nonmetal cyclopropenation is a nucleophilic process, attributed to the ester migration via a formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of Kukhtin-Ramirez adducts and alkynones followed by a fragmentation, cyclopropenes with an unbiased alkene scaffold are formed in good to excellent yields, thus providing a promising complementarity to electrophilic metal-catalyzed cyclopropenation.Transition metal borides are commonly hard and incompressible, offering great opportunities for advanced applications under extreme conditions. Recent studies show that the hardness of high-entropy borides may exceed that of their constituent simple borides due to the "cocktail effect". However, how high-entropy borides deform elastically remains largely unknown. Here, we show that two newly synthesized high-entropy diborides are ultra-incompressible, attaining ∼90% of the incompressibility of single-crystalline diamond and exhibiting a 50-60% enhancement over the density functional theory predictions. This unusual behavior is attributed to a Hall-Petch-like effect resulting from nanosizing under high pressure, which increases the bulk moduli through dynamic dislocation interactions and creation of stacking faults. The exceptionally low compressibility, together with their high phase stabilities, high hardness, and high electric conductance, renders them promising candidates for electromechanics and microelectronic devices that demand strong resistance to environmental impacts, in addition to traditional grinding and abrading.