Marcussenabel5793

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system that has complex pathogenesis in the elderly. The current review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms of AD, according to the latest findings. One of the best-characterized chromatin modifications in epigenetic mechanisms is DNA methylation. Highly replicable data shows that AD occurrence is often accompanied by methylation level changes of the AD-related gene. Homocysteine (Hcy) is not only an intermediate product of one-carbon metabolism but also an important independent risk factor of AD; it can affect the cognitive function of the brain by changing the one-carbon metabolism and interfering with the DNA methylation process, resulting in cerebrovascular disease. In general, Hcy may be an environmental factor that affects AD via the DNA methylation pathway with a series of changes in AD-related substance. This review will concentrate on the relation between DNA methylation and Hcy and try to figure out their rule in the pathophysiology of AD.In recent years, children living in the downstream of the Choshui River in Taiwan have been exposed to violent dust episodes. For the sake of the health of these children, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of protective equipment (sand-proof plastic cover and air purifier) installed outside/inside the classrooms on students' pulmonary function and evaluate the health education program for preventing the adverse consequences of exposure to river-dust episodes. Public elementary school students in Yunlin County, which was severely affected by river-dust, were selected as the participants. Study 1 consisted of three-wave follow-up data (801 person-times) in high-/low-dust exposure regions to examine pulmonary function. Study 2 used 147 and 73 students in the high-/low-dust exposure regions, respectively, to establish our health education intervention. Paired t tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and generalized estimating equation were used to analyze the short- and long-term effects. The results showed that the students' pulmonary function in schools that installed protective equipment was improved. The health education (such as the usage of correct masks and our designed PM2.5 full-cover sand-proof clothing) improved the students' cognition and behaviors related to river-dust episodes and yielded both short- and long-term effects. Therefore, we suggest more schools with high-dust exposure to adopt protective equipment and health education program. Our designed PM2.5 full-cover sand-proof clothing can prevent from not only haze but also droplet transmission by infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass and function with advancing age, is a prevalent condition among older adults. As most older people are too frail to do intensive exercise and vibration therapy has low risk and ease of participation, it may be more readily accepted by elderly individuals. However, it remains unclear whether vibration therapy would be effective among older adults with sarcopenia. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of vibration therapy including local vibration therapy and whole-body vibration therapy, for enhancing muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function in older people with sarcopenia.

A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2019 in the following 5 electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, with no restriction of language or the year of publication. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies examining effects of vibration therapy on muscle mass, ategy for improving muscle strength and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, caution is needed when interpreting these results. More well-designed, large sample size studies should be conducted to further explore and validate the benefits of vibration therapy for this population.

Vibration therapy could be a prospective strategy for improving muscle strength and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, caution is needed when interpreting these results. More well-designed, large sample size studies should be conducted to further explore and validate the benefits of vibration therapy for this population.[This retracts the article DOI 10.3892/ol.2016.5260.].The present study analyzed the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tissue transglutaminase (TG2) in breast cancer, as well as their protein levels in MCF-7 cells treated with cisplatin. In addition, the present study investigated the effects of TG2 and TGF-β1 in MCF-7 cells following TGF-β1 and TG2 inhibition or TGF-β1 induction. U0126 The protein levels of TG2 and TGF-β1 in breast cancer tissues and in MCF-7 cells treated with cisplatin, TG2 and TGF-β1 inhibitors or 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence and western blotting. The results revealed that the expression levels of TG2 and TGF-β1 in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher compared with those in paracancerous tissues. The fluorescence intensity of TG2 and TGF-β1 in MCF-7 cells treated with cisplatin was lower compared with that in untreated MCF-7 cells. Using bioinformatics analysis, the present study predicted that TGF-β1 may be associated with TG2. In addition, the expression levels of TGF-β1 and TG2 in MCF-7 cells treated with inhibitors of TGF-β1 and TG2 were lower compared with those in untreated MCF-7 cells. By contrast, the expression levels of TGF-β1 and TG2 in MCF-7 cells treated with TGF-β1 were higher compared with those in untreated MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that TGF-β1 and TG2 may serve an important role in breast cancer tissues and in MCF-7 cells. In addition, it was revealed that TG2 and TGF-β1 may have a synergistic role in MCF-7 cells.[This retracts the article DOI 10.3892/ol.2016.5242.].Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH2) is an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential and molecular mechanism of IMPDH2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect IMPDH2 expression levels in NSCLC tissues and cells. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were utilized to identify the effects of upregulated IMPDH2 levels on NSCLC cells. The expression levels of IMPDH2 have been discovered to be upregulated in several types of human cancer; however, the biological and clinical value of IMPDH2 in NSCLC remains unclear. The results of the present study revealed that the expression levels of IMPDH2 were significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, the genetic knockdown of IMPDH2 significantly hindered the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of NSCLC cells, whereas the overexpression of IMPDH2 achieved the opposite results.