Marcusespersen4382

Spinal cord injury (SCI) may be followed by persistent motor dysfunction and somatosensory disturbances that negatively influences the quality of life of patients and creates a significant economic burden. Analysis of secondary biological processes associated with changes in genetic expression is becoming increasingly important every day in understanding the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury. The results of international sequencing of the human genome were analyzed in 2004. These data revealed about 20,000 protein-coding genes covering near 2% of the total genomic sequence. The vast majority of gene transcripts are actually characterized as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These RNA clusters do not encode functional proteins and ensure post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The clusters may be small (approximately 20 nucleotides) known as miRNAs or the transcripts can enroll over 200 nucleotides defined as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some modern studies describe transient expression of microRNA s in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury and their potential use as targets for the treatment of consequences of spinal cord injury.This review is devoted to moyamoya disease. It is a rare chronic steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. However, moyamoya disease is increasingly diagnosed by neurosurgeons in our country. Unlike atherosclerotic lesions of cerebral arteries, pathogenesis and course of this disease are much more complex and variable. Therefore, specialists often have certain difficulties in diagnosis, management and treatment of these patients. To date, a large number of surgical interventions have been proposed for the treatment of moyamoya disease. Revascularization approaches include direct procedures (extra-intracranial microanastomoses), indirect methods (synangioses) and combined revascularization. The purpose of the review is to systematize current literature data on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical patterns and surgical treatment of patients with moyamoya disease. results Outcomes of surgical revascularization and the role of its various components in combined approach are under particular attention.Literature review is devoted to the role of frameless neuronavigation in surgery of distal aneurysms, cavernomas, arteriovenous malformations, Kimmerle's anomaly and revascularization surgeries. Visualization methods used in preoperative preparation of patients with vascular lesions compatible with frameless neuronavigation and the methods of intraoperative visualization as an addition to navigation are described.Arteriovenous fistula is a common vascular abnormality of spinal cord and meninges. This disease is more common in young men. Clinical manifestation includes progressive sensitive and motor disorders. G150 concentration However, acute symptoms including impaired consciousness, head or back pain are also possible. The authors describe a rare case. A 15-year-old boy experienced acute depression of consciousness accompanied by headache, vomiting, weakness in the upper limbs and sensitive disorders. The patient was hospitalized to the intensive care unit and examined for subarachnoid hemorrhage. MRI of the head and cervical spine and direct invasive angiography were performed. Perimedullary AVF of cervical spinal cord was diagnosed. Complete clinical regression was observed within a month. Microsurgical removal of AVF was performed in scheduled fashion. Postoperative follow-up period was over 6 months.Multiple brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are extremely rare. We report a 26-year-old patient with paroxysmal symptoms. This was the first case in our center over 10 years (0.15% of all patients with brain AVM in this period). Microsurgical resection of AVM of the left temporal lobe was carried out at the first stage (Spetzler-Martin grade I). A month later, resection of AVM of the left parietal lobe (Spetzler-Martin grade III) after preliminary endovascular embolization was carried out. Early postoperative visual and mental disorders occurred after the second surgery and completely regressed within 1 month. Control angiography after the second operation confirmed total resection of both AVMs. Thus, staged microsurgical resection of two cerebral AVMs combined with preliminary endovascular embolization of more complex AVM was effective and ensured favorable clinical result. We analyzed the features of our clinical case and compared our findings with literature data.Combination of meningioma and glioblastoma within the same anatomical region is casuistry. We found only 13 case reports in the available literature. Some of the authors reported induced nature of the second tumor, i.e. development under the influence of the primary neoplasm. We report a patient with glioblastoma of the right frontoparietotemporal region in 3 years after previous resection of benign right-sided meningioma of sphenoid wings. Mathematical analysis of the discovered pattern resulted conclusion about its random nature, i.e. no causal relationship between both neoplasms.Spinal cord metastases of brain gliomas are rare. However, incidence of these tumors has been increasing recently. The vast majority of neurosurgeons and oncologists recognize spinal cord metastasis of malignant brain glioma followed by symptoms of transverse spinal cord lesion as non-curable terminal stage of malignant process. In this paper, we report a rare clinical case of metastatic spinal cord lesion in a patient after previous surgery for anaplastic oligodendroglioma of the right frontal lobe. There were no signs of local recurrence of the primary tumor. Active surgical strategy followed by radio- and chemotherapy significantly improved the patient's quality of life. Postoperative follow-up is 6 months by the moment of writing the manuscript, no clinical signs of progression are observed.Modern achievements in endoscopic technologies ensure extending the indications for endoscopic transnasal approach in skull base surgery. Knowledge on topographic anatomy of craniovertebral junction is a prerequisite for surgical interventions in this area. Transnasal endoscopic surgery of craniovertebral junction is a relatively new field. Therefore, this manuscript and similar anatomical studies are extremely important for neurosurgeons.