Malmbergdue3719

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare bulk-filled composite resins with conventional composites in terms of cuspal movement and micro-leakage scores. METHODS Ninety-six maxillary premolar teeth with mesial-occclusal-distal cavities were allocated to four groups. Twelve teeth in each group was treated etch rinse, self-etch or selective-etch (n=8) protocols with respective adhesive system. Phospho(enol)pyruvic acid monopotassium order Bucco-palatal cusp measurements were performed before and after preparation, and 180s after curing and then subjected to 5000 thermocyclws. After immersed in 0.2% basic fuchsin dye for 24h, cervical micro-leakage was evaluated. The data was analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's honest Test (p=0.05). RESULTS All groups and bonding protocols revealed no significant differences in total cuspal deflection measurement and micro-leakage scores. After preparation, a significant increase was found in bucco-palatal width of the teeth compared to baseline (p=0.002). There were no significant relationship among composite resins and adhesives (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cuspal relief after cavity preparation should be taken into account when evaluation deflection.We read with enthusiasm the recent article by Tang et al. entitled "Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia," which is a retrospective analysis of the coagulation profile of 183 patients admitted with pneumonia secondary to the 2019-nCoV (COVID-19).1 This article deals with a timely topic and brings up important points that need to be interrogated in future studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Trends of paediatric emergency visits (ED) for dental conditions have been broadly discussed; however, little has been published in the Canadian context. AIM To describe the utilization of ED for dental conditions among children and to investigate demographic characteristics influencing its use. DESIGN A comprehensive review of records of all children aged 1 to 17 years who attended the ED service of a paediatric hospital in Montreal, Canada for dental conditions over a ten-year period (2004-2013) was completed. Information on the child's principal dental diagnosis, sociodemographic data and source of referral were obtained. RESULTS A total of 10,905 paediatric ED visits were seen during the study period. Among the children, 54.7% were male and the majority was younger than 6 years old. Dental caries constituted the most common reason for ED presentation comprising close to 43% of total visits for a dental complaint. Females, teenagers and self-referred children were more likely to experience ED visits due to non-traumatic dental conditions. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of ED for dental conditions has increased among preschool children in the last decade and was mostly due to caries-related dental problems. Effective preventive strategies are needed to improve the oral health condition of children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is caused by a ubiquitous, opportunistic fungus that can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, including solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Many studies evaluating interventions to prevent PCP have been conducted primarily in populations that were immunocompromised due to conditions other than organ transplantation; when evaluated in SOT recipients, most were adults. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Endothelium-derived prostacyclin and nitric oxide elevate platelet cyclic nucleotide levels and maintain quiescence. We previously demonstrated a synergistic relationship exists between cyclic nucleotides and P2Y12 receptor inhibition. A number of clinically approved drug classes can modulate cyclic nucleotide tone in platelets including activators of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (GC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. However, the doses required to inhibit platelets produce numerous side effects including headache. OBJECTIVE We investigated using GC-activators in combination with P2Y12 receptor antagonists as a way to selectively amplify the anti-thrombotic effect of both drugs. METHODS In vitro light transmission aggregation and platelet adhesion under flow were performed on washed platelets and platelet rich plasma. Aggregation in whole blood and a ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis model were also performed. RESULTS The GC-activator BAY-70 potentiated the action of the P2Y12 receptor inhibitor prasugrel active metabolite in aggregation and adhesion studies and was associated with raised intra-platelet cyclic nucleotide levels. Furthermore, mice administered sub-maximal doses of the GC activator cinaciguat together with the PDE inhibitor dipyridamole and prasugrel, showed significant inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation and significantly reduced in vivo arterial thrombosis in response to injury without alteration in basal carotid artery blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo functional studies, we show that low dose GC activators synergise with P2Y12 inhibition to produce powerful anti-platelet effects without altering blood flow. Therefore modulation of intra-platelet cyclic nucleotide levels alongside P2Y12 inhibition can provide a strong, focused anti-thrombotic regimen whilst minimising vasodilator side effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Acne and rosacea, despite their similar clinical presentations, follow distinct clinical courses, suggesting that fundamental differences exist in their pathophysiology. We performed a case-control study profiling the skin microbiota in rosacea and acne patients compared to matched controls. 19 rosacea and 8 acne patients were matched to controls by age ±5 years, sex, and race. DNA was extracted from facial skin swabs. The V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME/Metastats 2.0 software. The mean relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes in rosacea with inflammatory papules and pustules (20.454% ±16.943%) was more similar to that of acne (19.055% ±15.469%) than that of rosacea without inflammatory papules and pustules (30.419% ±21.862%). C. acnes (p=0.048) and Serratia marcescens (p=0.038) were significantly enriched in individuals with rosacea compared to acne. Investigating the differences between the skin microbiota in acne and rosacea can provide important clues toward understanding the disease progression in each condition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The European eel Anguilla anguilla Linnaeus 1758 is critically endangered with recruitment estimated at 5%-10% of historical levels. Enhancing survival of recruits is pivotal for conservation, and restoration should consider habitat choice of elvers ascending river systems. We experimentally show that newly ascended elvers choose small pebble habitat over finer and larger substrates, irregardless of presence or absence of piscivore chemical cues, indicating no predator-induced change in substrate choice. Enriching habitats with this substrate fraction should enhance eel recruitment as well as biodiversity at large. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Dietary specialization on hard prey items, such as mollusks and crustaceans, is commonly observed in a diverse array of fish species. Many fish consume these types of prey by crushing the shell to consume the soft tissue within, but a few fishes extricate the soft tissue without breaking the shell using a method known as oral shelling. Oral shelling involves pulling a mollusk from its shell and may be a way to subvert an otherwise insurmountable shell defense. However, the biomechanical requirements and potential adaptations for oral shelling are unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that a novel nasal protrusion is an adaptation for oral shelling in the durophagous pupfish (Cyprinodon brontotheroides). We first demonstrate oral shelling in this species and then predicted that a larger nasal protrusion would allow pupfish to consume larger snails. Durophagous pupfish are found within an endemic radiation of pupfish on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We took advantage of closely related sympatric species and outgroups to test 1) whether durophagous pupfish shell and consume more snails than other species, 2) if F1 and F2 durophagous hybrids consume similar amounts of snails as purebred durophagous pupfish, and 3) to determine if nasal protrusion size in parental and hybrid populations increases the maximum diameter snail consumed. We found that durophagous pupfish and their hybrids consumed the most snails, but did not find a strong association between nasal protrusion size and maximum snail size consumed within the parental or F2 hybrid population, suggesting that the size of their novel nasal protrusion does not provide a major benefit in oral shelling. Instead, we suggest that nasal protrusion may increase feeding efficiency, act as a sensory organ, or is a sexually selected trait, and that a strong feeding preference may be most important for oral shelling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We examined therapeutic strategies for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN) associated with MEN1 (M-pNEN) by investigating clinicopathological features and menin expression. METHODS Seventy-seven patients who underwent resection of pNEN at our department from January 2001 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis of menin was performed using resected specimens. RESULTS Seven patients (9%) met the diagnostic criteria for MEN1. M-pNEN had more tumors (P less then 0.01), a higher recurrence rate (P=0.028), and higher residual pancreatic recurrence (P less then 0.01) than sporadic pNEN (S-pNEN). There were no significant differences in tumor size, lymph node metastasis, or WHO grade between the two groups. Reduced menin staining in the tumor nuclei was found in 86% of M-pNEN; whereas only 34% of S-pNEN showed decreased nuclear staining. The remainder (66%) showed strong nuclear staining similar to normal islet cells (P=0.0071). Furthermore, four patients (57%) with MEN1 had many microadenomas with reduced nuclear menin staining. Overall survival of M-pNEN patients was significantly better than S-pNEN patients (P=0.049). CONCLUSION M-pNEN patients tend to develop spatially and temporally multifocal pNENs. However, M-pNEN patient prognosis is good with repeated surgeries at recurrence. Therefore, minimal resection with strict follow-up is recommended rather than extensive pancreatic resections for consideration of recurrence in M-pNEN. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Post-operative pain (PP) following pulpectomy is of concern for endodontic patients and dentists. AIM The current study evaluated the intensity of PP following pulpectomy in primary maxillary molars, using two irrigation needles. DESIGN One hundred patients in ages ranging from 6 to 9 years requiring pulpectomy for asymptomatic primary teeth with non-vital pulp were included in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 50 patients each, according to the type of irrigation needle used, that is, a conventional open-ended needle and a double side-vented needle. The teeth were obturated and then permanently restored. The presence of PP was assessed after six, 12, 24, 48, and 72hours, and finally after one week, using a four-point pain-intensity scale. The PP scores were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS In 6, 12,and 24h time intervals, patients who had their teeth irrigated with the open-ended needle exhibited more intense PP than those who had their teeth irrigated with a double side-vented needle (P0.