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Pore-matrix interfaces smooth via the removal of clay mineral surface asperities, reducing the available surface area for hydrocarbon adsorption by 12-75%. Additionally, HFF-induced dissolution creates new pores with diameters ranging from 800-1400 nm, increasing the permeability of the rocks by a factor of 5-10. These two consequences of mineral dissolution likely act in concert to release hydrocarbons from the host rock and facilitate transport through the rock during unconventional reservoir production.Si has attracted considerable interest as a promising anode material for next-generation Li-ion batteries owing to its outstanding specific capacity. However, the commercialization of Si anodes has been consistently limited by severe instabilities originating from their significant volume change (approximately 300%) during the charge-discharge process. Herein, we introduce an ultrafast processing strategy of controlled multi-pulse flash irradiation for stabilizing the Si anode by modifying its physical properties in a spatially stratified manner. We first provide a comprehensive characterization of the interactions between the anode materials and the flash irradiation, such as the condensation and carbonization of binders, sintering, and surface oxidation of the Si particles under various irradiation conditions (e.g., flash intensity and irradiation period). Then, we suggest an effective route for achieving superior physical properties for Si anodes, such as robust mechanical stability, high electrical conductivity, and fast electrolyte absorption, via precise adjustment of the flash irradiation. Finally, we demonstrate flash-irradiated Si anodes that exhibit improved cycling stability and rate capability without requiring costly synthetic functional binders or delicately designed nanomaterials. This work proposes a cost-effective technique for enhancing the performance of battery electrodes by substituting conventional long-term thermal treatment with ultrafast flash irradiation.Advanced transparent conductors have been studied intensively in the aspects of materials, structures, and printing methods. The material and structural advancements have been successfully accomplished with various conductive nanomaterials and spring-like structures for better electrical conductivity and high mechanical flexibility of the transparent conductors. However, the capability to print submicrometer conductive patterns directly and conformally on curved surfaces with low processing cost and high throughput remains a technological challenge to achieve, primarily because of the original two-dimensional (2D) nature of conventional lithography processes. In our study, we exploit a liquid-mediated patterning approach in the development of flexible templates, enabling printing of curvilinear silver grids in a single-step and strain-free manner at a submicrometer resolution within several minutes with minimum loss of noble metals. The template can guide arrays of receding liquid-air interfaces on curved substrates during liquid evaporation, thereby generating ordered 2D foam structures that can confine and assemble silver nanoparticles in grid patterns. The printed silver grids exhibit suitable optical, electrical, and Joule-heating performances, enabling their application in transparent heaters. Our technique has the potential to extend the existing 2D micro/nanofluidic liquid-mediated patterning approach to three-dimensional (3D) control of liquid-air interfaces for low-cost all-liquid-processed functional 3D optoelectronics in the future.Two-dimensional (2D) heterojunctions have attracted great attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Until now, precisely controlling the nucleation density and stacking area of 2D heterojunctions has been of critical importance but still a huge challenge. It hampers the progress of controlled growth of 2D heterojunctions for optoelectronic devices because the potential relation between numerous growth parameters and nucleation density is always poorly understood. Herein, by cooperatively controlling three parameters (substrate temperature, gas flow rate, and precursor concentration) in modified vapor deposition growth, the nucleation density and stacking area of WS2/Bi2Se3 vertical heterojunctions were successfully modulated. High-quality WS2/Bi2Se3 vertical heterojunctions with various stacking areas were effectively grown from single and multiple nucleation sites. Moreover, the potential nucleation mechanism and efficient charge transfer of WS2/Bi2Se3 vertical heterojunctions were systematically studied by utilizing the density functional theory and photoluminescence spectra. This modified vapor deposition strategy and the proposed mechanism are helpful in controlling the nucleation density and stacking area of other heterojunctions, which plays a key role in the preparation of electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices.Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) represents a promising alternative route for sustainable ammonia synthesis, which currently dominantly relies on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, while it is significantly hampered by the sluggish reaction kinetics due to the short of glorious electrocatalysts. In this work, we report an efficient porous tin heterostructure with intimate dual interfaces for electrosynthesis of ammonia, which exhibits outstanding NRR efficiency with an NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency as high as 30.3 μg h-1mg-1cat and 41.3%, respectively, and excellent stability as well at a low potential of -0.05 V (vs RHE) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution under ambient conditions. This matrix value is superior to the analogue Sn-based heterostructures with a single interface and outperforms the currently state-of-the-art Sn-based catalysts. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations uncovered the formation of the unique intimate dual interfaces in the tin heterostructure promoting the enhancement of the NRR process, which not only effectively exposes more active sites for stronger N2 chemisorption and activation but also accelerates the interfacial electron transfer and reduces the free energy barrier for the rate-determining *N2H formation step, highlighting the importance of the dual interface effect for the design of electrocatalysts in catalysis.

To investigate the characteristics and factors associated with crystalline lens tilt and decentration measured by Casia2 anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

This is a cross-sectional study.

One thousand and ninety-seven eyes of 1097 patients who plan to undergo cataract surgery were enrolled. All patients underwent a general ophthalmologic examination. Lens thickness (LT), front curvature radius (FCR), back curvature radius (BCR), lens equator diameter (LED), tilt, and decentration of preoperative crystalline lenses were measured by Casia2. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between the tilt and decentration of crystalline lens with related factors.

The natural crystalline lenses showed an average tilt of 5.16 degrees towards the inferotemporal direction and an average decentration of 0.22 mm towards the temporal direction. One hundred and nineteen eyes (10.85%) had a tilt greater than 7 degrees, and 89 eyes (8.11%) had a decentration more than 0.4 mm. Multivariate regression analysis showed larger decentration, thicker LT, shorter AL and FCR were associated with greater lens tilt (P<0.001, P=0.007, P=0.006 and P=0.003). Additionally, greater tilt, older and thinner LT were correlated with larger decentration (all P<0.001).

Preoperative crystalline lens has a certain degree of tilt and decentration in age related-cataract. Greater tilt the crystalline lens is, larger decentration it is. Additionally, AL, FCR, LT and age also correlate to tilt and decentration.

Preoperative crystalline lens has a certain degree of tilt and decentration in age related-cataract. Greater tilt the crystalline lens is, larger decentration it is. Additionally, AL, FCR, LT and age also correlate to tilt and decentration.Over the past 2 decades, posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) has emerged as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in the treatment of corneal endothelial disorders. The reasons for this trend include the search for a safer procedure to replace diseased endothelium that provides faster and better visual rehabilitation and reduces the need for postoperative care. Different surgical techniques, surgical instruments, devices, and lasers have been introduced to overcome technical difficulties, thus improving clinical outcomes. Selumetinib Yet, surgeons and eye banks must address the complications and limitations that arise during the transition to these new techniques. This review discusses the most significant aspects of the evolution of PLK, including a detailed description of current techniques and the direction of future treatment for corneal endothelial disease with the use of laser-assisted surgery, bioengineered corneas, cell therapy, and new pharmacologic therapy.Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cutaneous disease is a common complaint for patients presenting for dermatology evaluation. Infection by HPV is the major etiologic factor in the development of cutaneous warts, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and possibly a subset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinoma of the genitourinary tract, most notably cervical carcinoma, is the most severe manifestation of infection with specific serotypes of HPV. For this reason, the HPV immunization (Gardasil) was developed in 2006 and upgraded in 2018 to a nonavalent formulation that includes serotypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58. While immunization is highly effective at preventing infection with serotypes included in the formulation, it is less clear if the immunization can aid in managing active HPV infection. This review examines the available literature regarding the role of HPV immunization in managing common warts, genital warts, keratinocyte carcinoma, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis.Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin condition which commonly affects women of childbearing age. Certolizumab pegol (CZP) is an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNFα) agent that has demonstrated long-term safety and efficacy in treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Previously, there has been limited safety data surrounding its use in pregnancy. The objective of this article is to review pivotal clinical trial data for CZP and explore safety considerations for this agent in pregnancy. This review demonstrates that CZP offers a safe and effective treatment option for women during childbearing years based on pharmacokinetics and available safety data. The observed occurrence of major congenital malformations and miscarriages appears to be no greater than the background occurrence of those in the general population, and risks to the mother are minimal based on its known safety profile. The use of CZP for treatment of plaque psoriasis should be considered and discussed with patients considering childbearing or whom are currently pregnant or breastfeeding.