Malloyskovgaard5242

In addition, a new taxonomical classification of the genus Oedogonium was presented according to the shapes of basal cells, which matched well with the phylogenetic topologies. In addition, we propose to divide the genus Oedogonium into two sections, section Globosum and section Elongatum, representing the species with spherical or sub-hemispherical basal cells and elongated basal cells, respectively.The demographic situation of the last few decades is characterized by the increased numbers of elderly and senile people, i.e., by the aging of the population. In humans, ageing is closely associated with the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), development of systemic inflammation and related vascular atherosclerotic alterations and metabolic disorders, like obesity, diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. As these age-related alterations are directly associated with up-regulation of ROS production and development of chronic oxidative stress, their onset can be essentially delayed by continuous daily consumption of dietary antioxidants-natural products of plant origin. Such antioxidants (in the form of plant extracts, biologically active complexes or individual compounds) can be supplemented to functional foods, i.e., dietary supplementations for daily diet aiming prolongation of active life and delay of the senescence onset. Thereby, use of widely spread medicinal plants might essmol TE/g, antioxidant activity for free radical removal was 451.08 ± 24.45 µmol TE/g and antioxidant activity for restorative ability with iron complex was 332.28 ± 10.93 µmol TE/g. selleck These values are consistent with the total yields of the extracts and their content of ellagic acid. The ethyl acetate extracts of the both plants showed just minimal antioxidant activity. Thus, the considered extracts have an essential potential. This creates good prospects for the further use of herbal extracts of Filipendula ulmaria and Alnus glutinosa as a source of natural antioxidants.Vineyard soils normally do not provide the amount of nitrogen (N) necessary for red wine production. Traditionally, the N concentration in leaves guides the N fertilization of vineyards to reach high grape yields and chemical composition under the ceteris paribus assumption. Moreover, the carryover effects of nutrients and carbohydrates stored by perennials such as grapevines are neglected. Where a well-documented database is assembled, machine learning (ML) methods can account for key site-specific features and carryover effects, impacting the performance of grapevines. The aim of this study was to predict, using ML tools, N management from local features to reach high berry yield and quality in 'Alicante Bouschet' vineyards. The 5-year (2015-2019) fertilizer trial comprised six N doses (0-20-40-60-80-100 kg N ha-1) and three regimes of irrigation. Model features included N dosage, climatic indices, foliar N application, and stem diameter of the preceding season, all of which were indices of the carryover effects. Accuracy of ML models was the highest with a yield cutoff of 14 t ha-1 and a total anthocyanin content (TAC) of 3900 mg L-1. Regression models were more accurate for total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), pH, TAC, and total phenolic content (TPC) in the marketable grape yield. The tissue N ranges differed between high marketable yield and TAC, indicating a trade-off about 24 g N kg-1 in the diagnostic leaf. The N dosage predicted varied from 0 to 40 kg N ha-1 depending on target variable, this was calculated from local features and carryover effects but excluded climatic indices. The dataset can increase in size and diversity with the collaboration of growers, which can help to cross over the numerous combinations of features found in vineyards. This research contributes to the rational use of N fertilizers, but with the guarantee that obtaining high productivity must be with adequate composition.Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most widely produced vegetable plants in the world. Fusarium wilt of pepper is one of the most dangerous soil-borne fungal diseases worldwide. Herein, we investigated the antifungal activities and the potential application of two chalcone derivatives against the phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium equiseti, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease in vitro and in vivo. The tested compounds included 3-(4-dimethyl amino-phenyl)-1-6-[3-(4 dimethyl amino-phenyl)-a cryloyl]-pyridin-2-yl-propanone (DMAPAPP) and its metal complex with ruthenium III (Ru-DMAPAPP). Both compounds had potent fungistatic activity against F. equiseti and considerably decreased disease progression. The tested compounds enhanced the vegetative growth of pepper plants, indicating there was no phytotoxicity on pepper plants in greenhouse conditions. DMAPAPP and Ru-DMAPAPP also activated antioxidant defense mechanisms that are enzymatic, including peroxidase, polyphenole oxidase, and catalase, and non-enzymatic, such as total soluble phenolics and total soluble flavonoids. DMAPAPP and Ru-DMAPAPP also promoted the overexpression of CaCu-SOD and CaAPX genes. However, CaGR and CaMDHAR were downregulated. These results demonstrate how DMAPAPP and Ru-DMAPAPP could be employed as a long-term alternative control approach for Fusarium wilt disease as well as the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that protect plants.Sugarcane is an important crop across the globe, and the rapid multiplication of excellent cultivars is an important object of the sugarcane industry. As one of the plant growth regulators, paclobutrazol (PBZ) has been frequently used in the tissue culture of sugarcane seedlings. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of response to PBZ in this crop. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis between sensitive (LC05-136) and non-sensitive (GGZ001) sugarcane cultivars treated by PBZ at three time points (0 d, 10 d, and 30 d) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The results showed that approximately 70.36 Mb of clean data for each sample were generated and assembled into 239,212 unigenes. A total of 6108 and 4404 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified within the sensitive and non-sensitive sugarcane cultivars, respectively. Among them, DEGs in LC05-136 were most significantly enriched in the photosynthesis and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways, while in GGZ001, DEGs associated with ion channels and plant-pathogen interaction were mainly observed. Notably, many interesting genes, including those encoding putative regulators, key components of photosynthesis, amino acids degradation and glutamatergic synapse, were identified, revealing their importance in the response of sugarcane to PBZ. Furthermore, the expressions of sixteen selected DEGs were tested by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), confirming the reliability of the RNA-seq data used in this study. These results provide valuable information regarding the transcriptome changes in sugarcane treated by PBZ and provide an insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance to PBZ in sugarcane.High soil acidity is one of the main unfavorable soil factors that inhibit the growth and mineral nutrition of plants. This is largely due to the toxicity of aluminum (Al), the mobility of which increases significantly in acidic soils. Symbiotic microorganisms have a wide range of beneficial properties for plants, protecting them against abiotic stress factors. This report describes the mechanisms of positive effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens SPB2137 on four pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes grown in hydroponics and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. In batch culture, the bacteria produced auxins, possessed 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, alkalized the medium and immobilized Al, forming biofilm-like structures and insoluble phosphates. Inoculation with Ps. fluorescens SPB2137 increased root and/or shoot biomass of Al-treated plants. The bacteria alkalized the nutrient solution and transferred Al from the solution to the residue, which contained phosphorus that was exuded by roots. As a result, the Al concentration in roots decreased, while the amount of precipitated Al correlated negatively with its concentration in the solution, positively with the solution pH and negatively with Al concentration in roots and shoots. Treatment with Al induced root exudation of organic acids, amino acids and sugars. The bacteria modulated root exudation via utilization and/or stimulation processes. The effects of Al and bacteria on plants varied depending on pea genotype, but all the effects had a positive direction and the variability was mostly quantitative. Thus, Ps. fluorescens SPB2137 improved the Al tolerance of pea due to immobilization and exclusion of toxicants from the root zone.Olive (Olea europaea L.) trees can reach a very old age and still bear fruit. Although traditional groves are planted at low density and are rainfed, many newer groves are planted at higher densities and irrigated. As expected, initial yields per area are larger in high density plantations, yet some farmers claim they experience a reduction in productivity with grove age, even in well maintained trees. In order to test the accuracy of this claim and its underlying cause, we measured several productivity parameters in selected branches of trees in seven sites differing in cultivar ('Barnea' or 'Souri'), location and irrigation regime (rainfed or irrigated) for two consecutive years. For each site (cultivar/location/regime), we compared neighboring groves of different ages, altogether 14 groves. There was no consistent reduction in productivity in older groves. Differences in productivity between irrigated cultivars were mostly due to variation in the percentage of inflorescences that formed fruit. Several parameters were higher in irrigated, compared to rainfed 'Souri'. Differences in productivity between years within the same grove was mostly due to variation in the percentage of nodes forming inflorescences. We studied the expression of OeFT2 encoding a FLOWERING LOCUS T protein involved in olive flower induction in leaves of trees of different ages, including juvenile seedlings. Expression increased during winter in mature trees and correlated with the percentage of inflorescences formed. The leaves of juvenile seedlings expressed higher levels of two genes encoding APETALA2-like proteins, potential inhibitors of OeFT2 expression. The buds of juvenile seedlings expressed higher levels of OeTFL1, encoding a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein, a potential inhibitor of OeFT2 function in the meristem. Our results suggest that olives, once past the juvenile phase, can retain a similar level of productivity even in densely planted well maintained groves.Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has significant heterosis and Ogura CMS is a major way to use it. Ogura CMS has the advantages of complete and stable male sterility and easy-to-breed maintainers. Therefore, to breed better restorers has become an important goal for this system. Incidentally, clubroot is a soil-borne disease that is difficult to control by fungicidal chemicals, and it has been the main disease of oilseed rape in recent years in China, severely restricting the development of the oilseed rape industry. At present, the most effective method for controlling clubroot disease is to cultivate resistant varieties. One Ogura CMS restorer line (R2163) has shown much better combining ability, but lacks the clubroot disease resistance. This study was carried out to improve R2163 through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). The resistant locus PbBa8.1 was introduced into the restorer R2163, and we then selected R2163R with clubroot disease resistance. Using the new restorer R2163R as the male parent and the sterile lines 116A and Z11A as the female parent, the improved, new resistant hybrids Kenyouza 741R and Huayouza 706R performed well, providing strong resistance and good agronomic traits.