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26%) patients died. Age, severity of illness, and complications all increased the total duration of hospitalization. Compared with endotracheal intubation, tracheotomy increased the length of stay in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) but did not affect the total hospital length of stay for mechanical ventilation. Conclusions With the promotion of nationwide immunization against tetanus and the development of critical care medicine, morbidity and mortality rates of tetanus in Fujian are low. It is important to increase awareness among local physicians and staff in charge of tetanus immunization programs and with regard to neonatal tetanus and drug-induced tetanus. The prevention and treatment of tetanus in developing countries should arouse widespread concern in society. Copyright © 2020 Xiaojing Wang et al.Estimation of the spread and advancement of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin-resistant parasites can be done by probing polymorphisms in the kelch (Pfk13) domain (a validated molecular marker). This study aimed to provide baseline information for future artemisinin surveillance by analyzing the k13-propeller domain in P. falciparum field isolates collected from 24 study areas in 14 malaria hot spots of Odisha (previously Orissa) during July 2018-January 2019. A total of 178 P. falciparum mono infections were assessed. selleck chemical An 849-base pair fragment encoding the Pfk13 propeller was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in both directions (PCR). After DNA alignment with the 3D7 reference sequence, all samples were found to be wild type. It can be anticipated that malaria public health is not under direct threat in Odisha relating to ART resistance. Copyright © 2020 Ramakanta Rana et al.SIGNIFICANCE Quantifying human milk composition is important for daily nutritional management in neonatal intensive cares worldwide. Photonic solutions based on visible light can potentially aid in this analysis, as energy content of human milk depends largely on fat content, and the optical scattering properties of human milk predominantly depend on the size and concentration of fat globules. However, it is expected that human milk scattering changes upon homogenization, routinely done before analysis, which may affect fat globule size. AIM The first aim of this study was to investigate how the most common homogenization methods (gently inverting by hand, vortexing, and sonication) affect the optical properties of human milk. The second aim was to estimate the scattering contribution of casein micelles, the second most dominant scatterers in human milk. APPROACH We combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with spectroscopic optical coherence tomography to measure the scattering coefficient μs, reduced scattering coefficient μs', and anisotropy g between 450 and 600 nm. RESULTS Sonication induced the strongest changes in μs, μs', and g compared to the gently inverted samples (203%, 202%, and 7%, respectively, at 550 nm), but also vortexing changed μs' with 20%. Although casein micelles only showed a modest contribution to μs and g at 550 nm (7% and 1%, respectively), their contribution to μs' was 29%. CONCLUSIONS The scattering properties of human milk strongly depend on the homogenization method that is employed, and gentle inversion should be the preferred method. The contribution of casein micelles was relatively small for μs and g but considerably larger for μs'.SIGNIFICANCE India has one of the highest rates of oral cancer incidence in the world, accounting for 30% of reported cancers. In rural areas, a lack of adequate medical infrastructure contributes to unchecked disease progression and dismal mortality rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective modality with potential for treating early stage disease in resource-limited settings, while photosensitizer fluorescence can be leveraged for treatment guidance. AIM Our aim was to assess the capability of a simple smartphone-based device for imaging 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence for treatment guidance and monitoring as part of an ongoing clinical study evaluating low-cost technology for ALA-based PDT treatment of early oral cancer. APPROACH A total of 29 subjects with less then 2  cm diameter moderately/well-differentiated microinvasive (   less then   5  mm depth) oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions (33 lesions total, mean area ∼1.23  cm2) were administeeful tool to aid in PDT treatment guidance and monitoring photobleaching as part of a low-cost platform for intraoral PDT.Interspecific killing is a primary reason for the low survival rates of some animal species. The giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an altricial eutherian mammal and thus, in comparison to other infants, panda cubs are highly vulnerable, which may significantly influence the selection of breeding sites by females. Here, we used infrared camera traps to monitor giant panda dens for 5.5 years in Foping National Nature Reserve (FNNR) to determine how interspecific factors affect den selection by wild female pandas. Results indicated that Asian black bears ( Ursus thibetanus), yellow-throated martens ( Martes flavigula), leopard cats ( Prionailurus bengalensis), and masked palm civets ( Paguma larvata) visited the dens frequently, and the presence of these species negatively influenced den selection by female pandas. Interestingly, the presence of rodents and terrestrial birds appeared to indicate den safety, and female giant pandas were not averse and even preferred dens with a high abundance index of rodents and terrestrial birds. The den suitability index (DSI) was a reliable tool for evaluating whether dens were suitable for female giant pandas to give birth to and rear cubs, with preference for dens with high DSI values. This study increases our understanding of the den selection criteria of female giant pandas and the main threats to the survival of their cubs, thus providing important guidance for the conservation and management of this species.OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®)-sigma and thromboelastography (TEG®)-6s viscoelastic point-of-care assays during rotary wing aeromedical transport, and to determine the reliability of the results obtained. METHODS A single centre, prospective, observational, non-interventional feasibility study performed at Gold Coast University Hospital intensive care unit, and in a LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine operated Leonardo AW139 helicopter. Blood was collected from eight healthy volunteers on 18 April 2019 and all testing was performed on that day. Functions measured were ROTEM-sigma extrinsically activated thromboelastometry (EXTEM) clotting time (CT), EXTEM amplitude at 5 min after CT (A5) and fibrin-based extrinsically activated thromboelastometry (FIBTEM) A5, and TEG-6s Kaolin (CK) reaction time (R), functional fibrinogen (CFF) maximal amplitude (MA) and CFF amplitude at 10 min after R (A10). Differences between the results obtained in the helicopter and control results at Gold Coast University Hospital during flight and after flight, and also differences in control results over time up to 3 h were analysed.