Madsenvelez7206

asymmetries in movement and balance control.

Bambara groundnut (BG), originally from Africa, is widely distributed in Asian countries, especially in southern Thailand, and is used for food and functional foods. There is no report on the use of BG for ethnomedicine or cosmetics.

To investigate collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of the BG extracts.

The hulls (H) and seeds (S) of BG were collected from Trang province, Thailand and extracted by Soxhlet (S) and maceration (M) using ethanol, and boiled with distilled-water (B). Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were quantified. The three antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities were determined by DPPH, FIC and FTC; and the modified dopachrome methods, respectively. The collagen biosynthesis and the anti-melanogenesis activities were investigated by Sirius-Red and the melanin content assay.

The yields of BG extracts ranged from 1.72% to 9.06%. The BG-SS extract gave the highest TPC and TFC. The BG-HM extract showed the highest antioxidant activities (SC

of 0.87 ± 0.02 mg/mL, MC

of 1.83 ± 0.09 mg/mL and LC

of 0.70 ± 0.06 mg/mL), tyrosinase inhibition activity (IC

of 0.45 ± 0.23 mg/mL), and anti-melanogenesis activities (72.9 ± 0.08%), whereas the BG-SB extract exhibited the highest stimulation of collagen biosynthesis (18.04 ± 0.03%). All BG extracts at 0.1 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts.

The biological activities of BG extracts might be from their phytochemicals, especially phenolic and flavonoid contents.

The BG-HB and BG-HM extracts might be promising novel active sources for anti-aging and whitening cosmeceuticals.

The BG-HB and BG-HM extracts might be promising novel active sources for anti-aging and whitening cosmeceuticals.Axo-somatic K+ channels control action potential output in part by acting in concert with voltage-gated Na+ channels to set action potential threshold. Slowly inactivating, D-type K+ channels are enriched at the axo-somatic region of cortical pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex, where they regulate action potential firing. We previously demonstrated that D-type K+ channels are downregulated in extratelencephalic-projecting (ET) L5 neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the Fmr1-knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FX mice), resulting in a hyperpolarized action potential threshold. To test whether K+ channel alterations are regulated in a cell-autonomous manner in FXS, we used a virus-mediated approach to restore expression of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in a small population of prefrontal neurons in male FX mice. Outside-out voltage-clamp recordings revealed a higher D-type K+ conductance in FMRP-positive ET neurons compared with nearby FMRP-negative ET neurons. FMRP de model of FXS. These findings have implications for how changes in voltage-gated channels contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.

To measure the retinal capillary density quantitatively with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls (HCs), and to evaluate the relationship between OCTA findings and RA disease activity.

In this cross-sectional study, 106 eyes of RA patients and 71 eyes of HCs were evaluated. RA patients were divided into inactive (DAS28 < 3.2) and active (DAS28 ≥ 3.2) subgroups. Retinal capillary plexus density (CPD) was obtained from the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC).

In RA patients and HCs, the CPD (%) was 50.99 ± 3.30 and 52.08 ± 2.36 (

 = .013) in the SCP, 55.65 ± 5.73 and 57.53 ± 4.60 (

 = .019) in the DCP, and 49.98 ± 2.25 and 49.93 ± 2.25 (

 = .947) in the RPC blood supply regions, respectively. find more In inactive and active RA patients, the CPD (%) was 51.01 ± 2.92 and 50.97 ± 3.73 (

 = .947) in the SCP, 55.02 ± 5.70 and 56.40 ± 5.74 in the DCP (

 = .229), and 50.34 ± 2.23 and 49.55 ± 2.22 (

 = .079) in the RPC blood supply regions, respectively. DAS28 was negatively correlated with CPD in RPC blood supply region (Rho = -0.272,

 = .006).

In RA, retinal CPD in the macula is lower than HCs. Although retinal CPD is not generally different in active and inactive RA patients, capillaries in the optic disc may be affected by disease activity.

In RA, retinal CPD in the macula is lower than HCs. Although retinal CPD is not generally different in active and inactive RA patients, capillaries in the optic disc may be affected by disease activity.Auditory experience and behavioral training can modify perceptual performance. However, the consequences of temporal perceptual learning for temporal and spectral neural processing remain unclear. Specifically, the attributes of neural plasticity that underlie task generalization in behavioral performance remain uncertain. To assess the relationship between behavioral and neural plasticity, we evaluated neuronal temporal processing and spectral tuning in primary auditory cortex (AI) of anesthetized owl monkeys trained to discriminate increases in the envelope frequency (e.g., 4-Hz standard vs. >5-Hz targets) of sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) 1-kHz or 2-kHz carriers. Behavioral and neuronal performance generalization was evaluated for carriers ranging from 0.5 kHz to 8 kHz. Psychophysical thresholds revealed high SAM discrimination acuity for carriers from one octave below to ∼0.6 octave above the trained carrier frequency. However, generalization of SAM discrimination learning progressively declined f octave below and 0.6 octave above the trained carrier frequency. Asymmetric generalization was paralleled by sharpening in cortical spectral tuning and enhanced firing-rate contrast between rewarded and nonrewarded SAM stimuli at carriers near the trained frequency. The spectral content of the training stimulus specified spectral and temporal plasticity that may provide a neural substrate for limitations in generalization of temporal discrimination learning.