Madsenamstrup2174

There is no universal solution to achieving high levels of vaccine uptake but rather a range or combinations of options. The choice of which to adopt in each country will depend on a detailed understanding of the problem, including which groups are most affected. BACKGROUND Retroperitoneoscopic surgery (RS) is increasingly used for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of solid tumors, but rarely in pediatric surgical oncology for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). Herein, we use single-site RS for RPLND in children and compare the perioperative outcomes with those for the transperitoneal laparoscopic approach (TPLA). METHODS A single institution retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing single-site RS and TPLA (January 2018 till June 2019). We compared patient demographics, diagnoses, operative times, complications, postoperative analgesia, and length of hospital stay between both groups. RESULTS Eight patients (median age of 16.5 years) undergoing single-site RS for RPLND and five patients (median age 17 years) undergoing TPLA RPLND were compared. Groups were comparable in age, median operative duration (232 vs 234 min, p = 0.77), and complications (1 vs 1, p = 0.72). Median postoperative hospital stay and total morphine equivalent doses used postoperatively were significantly lower in the RS group, (0.5 vs 2 days, [p = 0.03] and 0.1 vs 0.4 mg/kg [p = 0.01], respectively). Eight patients underwent ipsilateral modified template RPLND for paratesticular RMS (six single-site RS and two TPLA) and lymph node metastases were found in 50% of these patients. The rest were resections of metastatic lesions for germ cell tumor and neuroblastoma (two single-site RS and three TPLA). CONCLUSIONS Single-site RS is a safe and feasible technique in carefully selected pediatric surgical oncology patients. RS provides an excellent view of the retroperitoneum, requires less postoperative analgesia, and is associated with faster recovery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE RATING IV. BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Gastroschisis incidence increased 300% in the United States from 1998 to 2013. We sought to assess trends in gastroschisis prevalence in the United States from 1997 to 2018 from a large NICU dataset. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all infants in the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse from 1997 to 2018. Prevalence was calculated as number of infants with gastroschisis (among all NICU admissions) divided by the total number of NICU infants. Trends were analyzed by year and also after stratification of the cohort by maternal age. RESULTS We included 1,433,027 infants discharged over the study period. Between 1997 and 2008, the prevalence of gastroschisis increased from 2.9 to 6.4 per 1000 infants (p  less then  0.01) and then decreased to 3.3 per 1000 infants (p  less then  0.01) by 2018. Younger mothers ( less then 20 years old) had the highest rate of gastroschisis and the largest recent decrease in prevalence of gastroschisis (20.8/1000 infant in 2008 to 13.1/1000 infants in 2018, p  less then  0.01). Prevalence of gastroschisis decreased within each maternal age group. CONCLUSION The prevalence of gastroschisis increased from 1997 to 2008 then decreased from 2009 to 2018 and is now similar to that reported in 1997. Future research that identifies changes in underlying risk factors may help elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II prognosis study. OBJECTIVE To determine the dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory and fecal specimens in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ivarmacitinib datasheet METHODS From January 17, 2020 to February 23, 2020, three paediatric cases of COVID-19 were reported in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment data were collected. Patients were followed up to March 10, 2020, and dynamic profiles of nucleic acid testing results in throat swabs and fecal specimens were closely monitored. RESULTS Clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract occurred within two weeks after abatement of fever, whereas viral RNA remained detectable in stools of pediatric patients for longer than 4 weeks. Two children had fecal SARS-CoV-2 undetectable 20 days after throat swabs showing negative, while that of another child lagged behind for 8 days. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 may exist in children's gastrointestinal tract for a longer time than respiratory system. Persistent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in stools of infected children raises the possibility that the virus might be transmitted through contaminated fomites. Massive efforts should be made at all levels to prevent spreading of the infection among children after reopening of kindergartens and schools. V.Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent model for biomedicine research due to its genetic accessibility and optical transparency. A large number of microarray based transcriptomes of zebrafish have been profiled in various cell types, tissues, development stages, toxicological exposures and other conditions. However, there is still no easy-to-use web tool to explore those precious data. We downloaded 1434 microarray data from National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO), constructed weighted gene co-expression network, and identified 50 modules of co-expressed genes that correspond to different cell types, tissues, development stages, and other experimental conditions. These modules were associated with experiments/traits, and may serve signature modules for phenotypes. Hub genes were screened by intra-modular connectivity. Higher-order module networks analysis suggested that nucleus and cell cycle modules are densely connected. Module-based gene function identification may help to discover novel gene function. Our web tool provides a new resource for gene function study in zebrafish (http//bioinformatics.fafu.edu.cn/zebrafish/). INTRODUCTION Critical shoulder angle (CSA) is measured on AP view in neutral rotation as the angle subtended by the tangent to the glenoid and the lateral edge of the acromion. CSA >35° is a risk factor for primary rotator cuff tear and iterative tear after cuff repair. The aim of the present study was to assess change in CSA following arthroscopic anterior acromioplasty. HYPOTHESIS CSA is decreased by arthroscopic anterior acromioplasty. MATERIAL AND METHOD A single-center retrospective descriptive observational study included patients undergoing arthroscopic acromioplasty between January 2016 and December 2017, for whom strictly AP pre and postoperative radiographs were available. Patients with history of surgery, fracture or dislocation in the same shoulder were excluded. RESULTS One hundred and two patients were included; mean age, 50.5 years (range, 23-82 years). Mean preoperative CSA was 34.7±4.4° (range, 26-48°) and postoperative CSA 31.7±3.7° (range, 23-40°) (p35°) were not corrected, with risk of rotator cuff tear.