Maddoxbarr5643

RESULTS The results showed significant inhibition of the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in all groups of mice in the presence of TAK-242. CONCLUSIONS These results presented evidence of the role of TLR-4/rBCG attachment mechanism in modulating the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in response to our rBCG-based malaria vaccine candidate expressing MSP-1C of P. falciparum. Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Adamu Abbas, Rapeah Suppian.INTRODUCTION Worldwide urban pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are an important reservoir of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Plasmids are key genetic elements in the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, including beta-lactams and quinolones, which are the most important classes of drugs for treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) harboring plasmids containing extend-spectrum (ESBL) and pAmpC beta-lactamases, also plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in urban pigeons from São Paulo State, Brazil. METHODOLOGY A collection of 107 isolates of E. coli from urban pigeons from four cities was screened by antimicrobial resistance phenotypic and PCR for genes encoding ESBL, pAmpC and PMQR genes. Clonality was evaluated by ERIC-PCR. RESULTS We found three strains positive for blaCTX-M genes. In two clonally related CTX-M-8-producing strains, the gene was associated with IncI1 plasmids. An MDR strain harboring blaCTX-M-2, the plasmid could not be transferred. No strain was positive for PMQR genes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-8-producing E. coli are present in urban pigeons, which could serve as a reservoir for ESBL-producing E. coli in Brazil. Copyright (c) 2019 Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha, Mirela Caroline Vilela Oliveira, Maria Gabriela Xavier Oliveira, Marcia Cristina Menao, Terezinha Knobl.INTRODUCTION The intense urbanization process has resulted in the reduction of forested areas, which poses an additional risk to public health. Epigenetic Reader Domain inhibitor The aim of this study was to identify environmental variables in an urban community associated with the chances of injuries (bites/scratches) in humans caused by bats. METHODOLOGY The study community was the Historic Center District of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The cases were the official records of households that reported injuries in humans caused by bats along the historical series from 2012 to 2015. Controls were selected from households near the cases without records of injuries involving bats. Univariate analysis was performed for the data using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Significant variables (p less then 0.05) were included in the logistic regression models. RESULTS The variable for bats having access to households via defective/broken windows showed an association with the cases in the final model (OR = 45.14, CI = 6.08-335.10). The variables presence of domiciled dogs (OR = 6.04, CI = 1.44-25.92) and exposed fruit (OR = 4.41, CI 95% = 1.15-16.9) were significant factors. CONCLUSION The results shows that access to the residence and supply of food that can be used by bats are factors that increase the chances of injuries in humans caused by these animals possibly increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Copyright (c) 2019 Norlan Jesus Santos, Ianei Carneiro, Aroldo Borges, Elen Paz, Ricardo Lustosa, Carlos Franke.INTRODUCTION Sepsis represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment have a crucial influence on survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of presepsin (sCD14) in patients with sepsis. METHODOLOGY Fifty-four consecutive adult patients with sepsis and 26 patients with aseptic meningitis as a control group were included in this prospective observational study. In all patients included in the study, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), presepsin, lactate, and a count of leukocytes and neutrophils were determined on admission. In those with suspected bacterial infection, two separate blood cultures were obtained and procalcitonin (PCT) concentration was detected. Plasma presepsin and PCT concentrations in septic group patients were followed on days 2, 3 and 7 after enrollment. RESULTS The median presepsin serum concentration in patients with sepsis was 1614 pg/mL and in the control group it was 203 pg/mL (p less then 0.001). Presepsin levels in patients with septic shock were higher than in sepsis patients (p less then 0.014). The mean presepsin concentrations were higher in deceased than in surviving patients (p = 0.009). The trend of changes in presepsin concentrations in deceased patients was significantly different than in the surviving patients (p = 0.018). There were no statistically significant differences in the concentration of presepsin or other biomarkers in patients with Gram negative or Gram positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Presepsin may be used as a diagnostic marker of systemic bacterial infection and can predict the severity and outcome of sepsis. Copyright (c) 2019 Matjaz Jereb, Matej Mavric, Miha Skvarc, Alja Drobnic, Spela Dolenc, Natalija Strunjas, Boris Luksic, Nina Kmet.INTRODUCTION The challenges related to the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections present more complex factors in remote and hard-to-reach areas. The use of self-collection devices that facilitate the obtaining of a biological sample with high quality for sensitive molecular tests have been examined. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and acceptance of the Evalyn® Brush (Rovers® Medical Devices) for detection of T. vaginalis among women living in the riverside communities of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODOLOGY The study included 300 riverside women. They received instructions for self-collection, carried out the task, and then answered a questionnaire on the use of the device. T. vaginalis was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction, using primers TVK3/TVK7. RESULTS The mean age of the women was 35.8 years, and most of them presented low schooling, low income, agricultural activity and lived in a marital union. All samples were positive for human genomic DNA (100%) and the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was 5.