Macmillanreese7408

Karyopherins mediate the macromolecular transport between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and participate in cancer progression. However, the role and mechanism of importin-11 (IPO11), a member of the karyopherin family, in glioma progression remain undefined. Effects of IPO11 on glioma progression were detected using CCK-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, caspase-3 activity assay, and Transwell invasion assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of active caspase-3, active caspase-7, active caspase-9, N-cadherin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and c-Myc. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was evaluated by the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor reporter assay. Results showed that IPO11 knockdown inhibited proliferation and reduced colony number in glioma cells. SCH-442416 chemical structure IPO11 silencing promoted the apoptotic rate, increased expression levels of active caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9, and enhanced caspase-3 activity. Moreover, IPO11 silencing inhibited glioma cell invasion by suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, IPO11 knockdown inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. β-Catenin overexpression abolished the effects of IPO11 silencing on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in glioma cells. Furthermore, IPO11 silencing blocked the malignant phenotypes and repressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vivo. In conclusion, IPO11 knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of glioma cells by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Collagen- and bioceramic-based composites have been widely used in hard tissue engineering because they are analogous to the organic/inorganic constituents of native bones. However, biocomposites based on collagen and bioceramics show low mechanical stiffness and limited osteogenic activities. To elevate the low biophysical and biological activities, we have introduced a new biocomposite structure. Herein, we propose a biocomposite mimicking not only the physical structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure but also the biochemical components of native bone tissues. Several components including fibrillated collagen, calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) obtained from α-tricalcium phosphate hydrolysis, and human umbilical cord serum (hUCS) were used to generate a unique structure of the biocomposite. The 3D-printed composites were topographically similar to the nanofibrous ECM and exhibited a mechanically stable structure. We also evaluated the in vitro biocompatibilities of the biocomposite using human adipose stem cells and found that the collagen/hUCS/CDHA scaffold accelerated the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells and in vivo osteogenesis in a mastoid obliterated rat model.In this paper, Ag-Metal-organic framework loaded chitosan nanoparticles (0.1%Ag@MOF/1.5%CSNPs) and polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/chitosan (PACS) were used as the upper and lower layers to successfully prepare a bilayer composite dressing for wound healing. The performance of bilayer dressing was evaluated. The lower layer (PACS) had uniform pore size distribution, good water retention, swelling, water vapor permeability, and biocompatibility while PACS had almost no antibacterial activity. The upper layer (Ag@MOF/CSNPs) possessed excellent antibacterial activity and poor biocompatibility. As the upper layer, it can avoid direct contact with the skin and inhibit microbial invasion. In addition, the bilayer can adhere to a large number of red blood cells and platelets, promoting blood coagulation and cell proliferation. Ag@MOF, CSNPs, Ag@MOF/CSNPs and bilayer showed antibacterial activity in ascending order, due to the synergistic antibacterial action of the upper and lower layer. In vivo evaluation showed that both bilayer and PACS could significantly accelerate the wound healing, and the bilayer dressing showed more complete re-epithelialization with less inflammatory cells. In summary, this new bilayer composite is an ideal dressing for accelerating wound healing.Regenerated Silk Fibroin (RSF) films are considered promising substrate candidates primarily in the field of bio-integrated electronic device applications. The key issues that ought to be addressed to exploit the inherent advantages of silk thin films include enhancing their flexibility and chemical durability. Such films find a plethora of applications, the significant one being conformal, transparent microelectrode arrays. Elevated temperatures that are regularly used in lithographic processes tend to dehydrate RSF films, making them brittle. Furthermore, the solvents/etchants used in typical device fabrication results in the formation of micro-cracks. This paper addressed both these issues by developing composite films and studying the effect of biodegradable additives in enhancing flexibility and chemical durability without compromising on optical transparency and surface smoothness. Through our rigorous experimentation, regenerated silk blended with Polyvinyl Alcohol (Silk/PVA) is identified as the composite for achieving the objectives. Furthermore, the Cyto-compatibility studies suggest that Silk/PVA, along with all other silk composites, have shown above 80% cell viability, as verified using L929 fibroblast cell lines. Going a step further, we demonstrated the successful patterning of 32 channel optically transparent microelectrode array (MEA) pattern, with a minimum feature size of 5 μm above the free-standing and optically transparent Silk/PVA composite film.The growing need for treatment of the impaired bone tissue has resulted in the quest for the improvement of bone tissue regeneration strategies. Bone tissue engineering is trying to create bio-inspired systems with a coordinated combination of the cells, scaffolds, and bioactive factors to repair the damaged bone tissue. The scaffold provides a supportive matrix for cell growth, migration, and differentiation and also, acts as a delivery system for bioactive factors. Bioactive factors including a large group of cytokines, growth factors (GFs), peptides, and hormonal signals that regulate cellular behaviors. These factors stimulate osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of cells by activating the signaling cascades related to ossification and angiogenesis. GFs and bioactive peptides are significant parts of the bone tissue engineering systems. Besides, the use of the osteogenic potential of hormonal signals has been an attractive topic, particularly in osteoporosis-related bone defects. Due to the unstable nature of protein factors and non-specific effects of hormones, the engineering of scaffolds to the controlled delivery of these bioactive molecules has paramount importance. This review updates the growth factors, engineered peptides, and hormones that are used in bone tissue engineering systems. Also, discusses how these bioactive molecules may be linked to accelerating bone regeneration.Platycodonis Radix is widely used as homology of medicine and food in China; polysaccharides are thought to be one of its functional constituents. In this study, a pectic polysaccharide, PGP-I-I, was obtained from the root of the traditional medicine plant Platycodon grandiflorus through ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. This was characterized being mainly composed of 1,5-α-L-arabinan and both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and II chains linked to rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) backbone linked to longer galacturonan chains. In vitro bioactivity study showed that PGP-I-I could restore the intestinal cellular antioxidant defense under the condition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment through promoting the expressions of cellular antioxidant genes and protect against oxidative damages.Microbial infections are considered common and dangerous for humans among other infections; therefore the synthesis of high efficacy antimicrobial and anti-biofilm composites is continuous to fight microbial resistance. In our study, a new and novel tertiary composite (TC) was synthesized, it composed of TEMPO cellulose (TOC), chitosan, starch, and myco-synthesized Se-NPs. Myco-synthesized Se-NPs and TC were fully characterized using UV, FT-IR, XRD, SEM with EDX, particle distribution, and mapping. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were effectively established for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The possible impact of myco-synthesized novel cellulose-based selenium nanoparticles tertiary composite on the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Candida albicans was evaluated in this study. TC exhibited constant biofilm inhibition against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans, while the results obtained from cytotoxicity of Se-NPs and TC showed that, alteration occurred in the normal cell line of lung fibroblast cells (Wi-38) was shown as loss of their typical cell shape, granulation, loss of monolayer, shrinking or rounding of Wi-38 cell with an IC50 value of where 461 and 550 ppm respectively.The treatment of cancer includes several conventional therapies like surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, etc. but mostly associated with limitations like off-targeted action, fatigue and organ toxicity. The emergence of nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems shows revolutionary development to overcome the limitations of such therapies. Magnetic nanocomposites are the new area of research that consists of nanoscale magnetic materials for triggering the release of active in response to an external magnetic field. For targeted drug delivery and enhancing the biocompatibility, effective functionalization of magnetic nanocomposites is required. Therefore, several biological molecules like carbohydrate polymers, proteins, nucleic acids, antibodies, etc. are used. This review article focuses on the insights of advances in the development of carbohydrate-based magnetic nanocomposites for safe and effective cancer treatment. Carbohydrate-based magnetic nanocomposites offer significant advantages like greater stability, higher biocompatibility and lower toxicity with better physicochemical properties such as higher magnetic moments and anisotropy, larger heating properties, etc. Magnetic nanocomposites explore in almost all the areas of cancer therapeutics for drug delivery carrier, as antineoplastic and MRI contrast agents and in photothermal, photodynamic and in combinational therapies for the development of safer nanocarriers. Such progressive trend of carbohydrate-based magnetic nanocomposites will encourage the researchers for better site-specific delivery with higher safety profile in cancer therapy.Starch isolated from litchi kernel was subjected to high-pressure (HP) treatment at selected pressures (300, 450 and 600 MPa) for 10 min, and evaluated for its rheological, morphological, thermal and structural properties. The amylose content of native litchi kernel starch (LKS) was 17.4%, which increased significantly upon pressurization. The temperature sweep test of the untreated starch sample resulted in the peak G' and G″ values of 3417 and 283 Pa, respectively, and those values decreased after pressurization. Oscillatory rheological measurements showed the frequency dependency of tested starch pastes. Furthermore, the mechanical rigidity of the starch pastes improved with pressure treatment. Morphological studies revealed that starch granule structure remained intact after pressurization; however, pressure >450 MPa resulted in surface roughness and small cavities. HP treatment significantly influenced thermal properties of LKS, in particular at 450 and 600 MPa, where a significant drop in the transition temperatures and enthalpy values were recorded.