Macleodhansson8302

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most prevalent forms of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). CVID is characterized by failure in the final differentiation of B lymphocytes and impaired antibody production but the pathogenesis is not known in the majority of patients. We postulated that the expression pattern of miRNAs in unsolved CVID patients might be the underlying epigenetic cause of the disease. Therefore, we aimed to assess the expression of hsa-miR-210-5p and FOXP3 transcription factor in CVID cases in comparison with healthy individuals.

Eleven CVID cases with no genetic defects (all PID known genes excluded) and 10 sex and age-matched healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. T lymphocytes were purified from PBMC, and expression levels of miR-210-5p and FOXP3 mRNA were evaluated by real-time PCR.

We demonstrated that miR-210 expression in patients was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.03). FOXP3 expression was slightly lower in patients compared with healthy controls (P = 0.86). There was a negative correlation between miR and gene expression (r -0.11, P = 0.73). Among various clinical complications, autoimmunity showed a considerable rate in high-miR patients (P = 0.12, 42.8%), while autoimmunity was not observed in normal miR-210 patients.

Our results suggest a role for miR-210 in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in CVID patients. Further studies would better elucidate epigenetic roles in CVID patients with no genetic defects.

Our results suggest a role for miR-210 in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in CVID patients. Further studies would better elucidate epigenetic roles in CVID patients with no genetic defects.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), the first known primary immunodeficiency, is caused by rare mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. Mutations in the BTK gene lead to a failure in the development and maturation of B-cell linage. A decreased number of B-cells results in agammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to a variety of infections. Therefore, patients with XLA usually manifest with repetitive bacterial infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections, since their infancy.

We report a 17-year-old Iranian boy with XLA, referred to us with a history of severe and recurrent episodes of bacterial infections for a period of six years.

Genetic analysis using the whole Exome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense mutation in the BTK gene (c.428 A > T, p.His143Leu).

To our knowledge, c.428 A > T has not been reported in the BTK gene.

T has not been reported in the BTK gene.

Skin prick testing (SPT) is a major diagnostic tool in patients with allergic symptoms. The testing process may involve pain, anxiety, and stress on children and parents.

We aimed to measure the level of pain and anxiety before and after SPT in children and parents, and tried to identify predictive factors.

The children underwent SPT and parents completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) S-Anxiety before and after SPT, T-Anxiety before SPT. The study nurse completed Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) scores (<5 years) or Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (VAS), (≥5 years) after the SPT, in order to quantify pain.

A total of 523 children (5.3 [2.8-9.1] [median, interquartile range] years old, 59.5% male) were evaluated. Parent gender was a predominant factor for anxiety, as mothers had a higher pre-test STAI (S-Anxiety) score, STAI (T-Anxiety), and post-test STAI (S-Anxiety) score than fathers (p < 0.001). Pre-test STAI (S-Anxiety) scores of parents decreased with increasing age (for 0-<5 years, 5-<12 years, and ≥12 years; [p for trend = 0.016]). The children tested on the back had higher VAS scores compared with the ones tested on the forearm [2[0-4] vs 2[0-2], [p = 0.005]). Risk factors determining higher general anxiety STAI (T-Anxiety) scores above the median were female sex for the parent (OR = 1.68; 95% CI [1.10-2.57]; p = 0.017), and parent's education level being greater than or equal to high school level (OR = 1.83; 95% CI [1.27-2.64]; p = 0.001).

SPT may cause anxiety and pain in a subgroup of children particularly in younger age, and if performed on the back. Anxiety levels were higher in mothers, and in parents with high education levels.

SPT may cause anxiety and pain in a subgroup of children particularly in younger age, and if performed on the back. Anxiety levels were higher in mothers, and in parents with high education levels.

There is evidence that vitamin D (VD) supplementation may help in the management of atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of VD supplementation on the severity of AD.

Pre-post interventional study with prospective data collection in patients younger than 14 years. The severity of AD was determined through SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) and classified as mild (SCORAD < 25), moderate (≥25 and <50), and severe (≥50). Skin prick test was performed in all patients. Serum VD levels were classified as sufficient (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (29 to 21 ng/mL), and deficient (≤20 ng/mL); and those with inadequate levels received oral supplementation of VD for 3 months, and were reassessed after treatment.

A total of 152 patients were included. Patients with sufficient vitamin levels had lower SCORAD values (p = 0.04). Further, 116 patients (76.3%) received VD supplementation and after 3 months, VD levels were significantly higher (35.9 ng/mL) compared to baseline levels (23.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). At the same time, a reduction in the SCORAD index was observed (19.4 before vs 12.3 after supplementation, p < 0.001). see more Considering other factors that could influence the decrease in AD severity after VD supplementation, female gender was associated with a worse treatment response (p = 0.02).

Vitamin D supplementation could be an adjuvant in reducing the severity of atopic dermatitis.

Vitamin D supplementation could be an adjuvant in reducing the severity of atopic dermatitis.

Relationship between the causal mechanisms of pediatric severe asthma and severity of symptoms would be helpful for developing personalized strategies for treatment and prevention.

For this study, 698 medical histories of asthmatics between 6 and 18 years of age were reviewed in a period of 2 years. Variables analyzed were age, sex, ethnicity, perinatological history, allergy history, asthma predictive index (API), exposure to tobacco, heavy traffic or epithelium, lung function, age of onset of symptoms, hospitalization admissions/PICU, systemic corticosteroids, daily symptoms control, device prescribe for daily control, and adherence.

A total of 86 children with severe asthma were included (12.3%). Mean age 13.3 +/- 1.86 years, sex ratio11, mean age of symptom onset 2.765 +/- 3.06 years, mean IgE 1076.18KU / L +/- 1136, mean eosinophils 604c / mcl +/- 511.9, mean of FEV1 93.15% +/- 16.3. Evidently, 70 children (81.4%) had positive API, 68 (79.1%) rhinitis, 34 (39.5%) atopic dermatitis. 73 (83.9%) sensitized to inhalants and 56 (65.1%) to dermatophagoides, 39 (45.3%) passive smokers, 19 (22.1%) exposure to heavy traffic; 55 (64%) showed symptoms with exercise, 35 (40.7%) had audible wheezing. The mean systemic corticosteroid cycles/year was 3.63 +/- 3.23, mean PICU admissions 0.36 +/- 0.83, mean hospital admissions 4.31 +/- 5.3, average emergency room visits/year 19.44 +/- 16.28. 38 (56.7%) had good adherence, 44 (51%) used an MDI device and 39 (45.3%) used dry powder.

Children with severe asthma meet the following criteria premature, positive API, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, high IgE, eosinophilia, passive smokers, exposure to heavy traffic, decreased lung function, and low adherence to controller medication.

Children with severe asthma meet the following criteria premature, positive API, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, high IgE, eosinophilia, passive smokers, exposure to heavy traffic, decreased lung function, and low adherence to controller medication.

Inclusion of baked-milk products to the diet appears to markedly accelerate tolerance to unheated milk compared to a strict avoidance diet.

The present study aims to investigate the predictors of baked-milk tolerance in children with Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk (CM) allergy.

The study included 80 patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated CM allergy upon oral food challenge (OFC) testing at our clinic. Patients who developed and did not develop reactions during OFC with baked milk were compared considering clinical and laboratory parameters.

Eighty patients with CM allergy comprised 48 male and 32 female infants with an average age of 7.25 ± 2.45 (3-13) months. We found that 62.5% of them showed tolerance to baked milk in the OFC test performed with cakes containing 2.6-g milk protein. When the patients who tolerated and could not tolerate baked-milk products were compared for test results, we detected a statistically significant intergroup difference regarding diameter of wheal in skin prick test (SPT) performed with muffin slurry, levels of specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in CM, sheep's milk (SM), goat's milk (GM), casein, and the amount of unheated milk consumed until a reaction developed in the OFC test performed with unheated milk (P < 0.05).

We defined novel decision points based on CM, SM, GM, casein sIgE levels, wheal diameter in SPT with muffin slurry, and the amount of milk ingested during OFC performed with unheated milk that may be useful in predicting outcomes of baked-milk ingestion.

We defined novel decision points based on CM, SM, GM, casein sIgE levels, wheal diameter in SPT with muffin slurry, and the amount of milk ingested during OFC performed with unheated milk that may be useful in predicting outcomes of baked-milk ingestion.

Atopic individuals are characterized by increased IgE production and Th2 response if exposed to certain antigens. It is known that the mother transfers anti-mite antibodies to the fetus and newborn, IgG thru the placenta, and IgA thru breastfeeding, but it is not clear whether there is a protective mechanism mediated by them concerning the development of future allergies. This study aimed to compare the levels of IgA, IgG, and IgE antibodies specific to Der p 1 and Der p 2 between atopic and healthy individuals.

Serum samples of 98 patients and 44 healthy controls were subjected to quantification for specific IgE, IgG, and IgA antibodies against Der p 1 and Der p 2 by ImmunoCap

and ELISA, and subjected to statistical analysis as indicated.

Atopic patients had higher serum levels of IgE, IgG, and IgA specific to Der p 1 and Der p 2. The correlation was more robust between IgE and IgG antibodies.

Allergic patients produce higher levels of antibodies against Der p 1 and Der p 2 compared with healthy individuals. The mechanisms involved still require detailed studies.

Allergic patients produce higher levels of antibodies against Der p 1 and Der p 2 compared with healthy individuals. The mechanisms involved still require detailed studies.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is thought to be an autoimmune disease in a subpopulation of patients. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-22 (PTPN22) polymorphisms are considered to be one of the strongest contributing factors to autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential association of several PTPN22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CSU in an Iranian population.

A total of 93 CSU patients and 100 healthy individuals were included in this study. Five SNPs within the PTPN22 gene were analyzed using TaqMan genotyping assays. The frequency of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of PTPN22 SNPs (rs12760457, rs2476601, rs1310182, rs1217414, and rs33996649) was investigated.

A significantly higher prevalence of the rs1310182 T allele was observed among patients compared with controls [OR = 1.75 (95% CI 1.17-2.63); P = 0.007]. In addition, the rs1310182 CC genotype and TT genotype were 0.47 and 2.06 times more common in patients, respectively (P = 0.03). Moreover, haplotype analysis demonstrated that CGCGC, CGTGC, and TGCGC (P < 0.