Macleanpugh3096

6 mg mL-1 and 1.7 mg mL-1, respectively. In this study for the first time, a hydrophobic peptide with both biosurfactant and antimicrobial activity was isolated from a bacterium belonging to Rhodococcus genus.In a very fascinating read, John Goodsir, a Scottish surgeon, describes how he isolated "vegetable organisms" from the "ejected fluid" from the stomach of his 19-year-old patient [...].Complications of indwelling urinary catheterization (IUC) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, thus affecting patient's well-being. Understanding the magnitude and factors associated with complications is crucial in designing appropriate preventive strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre, involving patients with long-term and short-term IUC from December 2016 to September 2017. The data were analyzed by STATA 13.0. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) was the leading (56.8%; 250/440) complication among patients with IUC. Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly isolated (98.1%, 252/257), whereas E. coli (30.7%, 79/257) and Klebsiella spp. (29.6%, 76/257) were the leading pathogens. CA-UTI was significantly higher among out-patients than in-patients (82.2% v 35.3%, p less then 0.001). Older age (OR 1.3, (95%CI 1.1-1.5), p less then 0.001), level of education (OR 1.8, (95%CI 1.1-3.1), p = 0.029) and catheter duration of ≥6 weeks (OR 2.43, (95%CI 1.1-5.5), p = 0.031) independently predicted CA-UTI among outpatients, while female gender (OR 2.1, (95%CI 1.2-3.7), p = 0.014), catheter bags not freely hanging (OR 0.4, (95%CI 0.2-0.7), p = 0.002) and residing outside Mwanza region (OR 0.4, (95%CI 0.2-0.6), p less then 0.001) predicted CA-UTI among in-patients. CA-UTI is the common complication among patients with IUC, significantly higher in out-patients than in-patients. We recommend involving patients and carers in infection prevention and control measures in out-patients living with IUC.A rapid and label-free method for the detection of drug-resistant pathogens is in high demand for wastewater-based epidemiology. As recently shown, the extent of electrical current production (Ic) is a useful indicator of a pathogen's metabolic activity. Therefore, if drug-resistant bacteria have extracellular electron transport (EET) capability, a simple electric sensor may be able to detect not only the growth as a conventional plating technique but also metabolic activity specific for drug-resistant bacteria in the presence of antibiotics. Here, one of the multidrug-resistant pathogens in wastewater, Klebsiella pneumoniae, was shown to generate Ic, and the extent of Ic was unaffected by the microbial growth inhibitor, kanamycin, while the current was markedly decreased in environmental EET bacteria Shewanella oneidensis. Kanamycin differentiated Ic in K. pneumonia and S. oneidensis within 3 h. Furthermore, the detection of K. pneumoniae was successful in the presence of S. oneidensis in the electrochemical cell. These results clarify the advantage of detecting drug-resistant bacteria using whole-cell electrochemistry as a simple and rapid method to detect on-site drug-resistant pathogens in wastewater, compared with conventional colony counting, which takes a few days.The present study investigated the anti-bacterial vaginitis (BV) effects of a mixture of five lactobacilli strains (LM5), containing equal amounts of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MG242, Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG901, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG989, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4272, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4288), in HeLa cells and Gardnerella vaginalis (GV)-infected BV mice. All strains produced lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and were resistant to nonoxynol-9. Cell Cycle inhibitor LM5 significantly inhibited GV growth by 80%, exhibited good adhesion to HeLa cells, and significantly inhibited GV adhesion to these cells. In GV-infected mice, LM5 administered orally at 5 × 109 CFU/mouse significantly inhibited GV proliferation in the vaginal tract and significantly reduced myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, and nitric oxide levels in vaginal tissue lysates. Histopathological analysis of vaginal tissues revealed that LM5 markedly suppressed the exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells. Overall, these results suggest that LM5 might alleviate BV by direct antibacterial and antagonistic activity in vaginal tissues of GV-infected mice.The health benefits of probiotics are beyond doubt. The positive effects of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria on the function of many body systems have been repeatedly proven by various studies. To completely realize the potential of probiotic microorganisms, the strains should be tested by the greatest combination of characteristics that contribute to the wellness of the host. In this work, for the first time, a combined assessment of the probiotic properties and vitamin B-producing potential of various species and strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was carried out. The presence of an additional advantage, such as vitamin-producing ability, can prevent vitamin deficiency both at the level of the consumption of fermented foods, when the enrichment will occur naturally on the spot, and during colonization by these intestinal strains, when synthesis will occur in vivo. To select potential probiotics, the stress tolerance ability of 16 lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria strains to low pH values, bile,probiotics and B vitamins.Antibiotic resistance in pneumococci contributes to the high pneumococcal deaths in children. We assessed the molecular characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pneumococci isolated from healthy vaccinated children under five years of age in Cape Coast, Ghana. A total of 43 MDR isolates were selected from 151 pneumococcal strains obtained from nasopharyngeal carriage. All isolates were previously serotyped by multiplex PCR and Quellung reaction. Susceptibility testing was performed using either the E-test or disk diffusion method. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were identified by PCR. Molecular epidemiology was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Vaccine-serotypes 23F and 19F were predominant. The lytA and pavB virulence genes were present in all isolates, whiles 14-86% of the isolates carried pilus-islets 1 and 2, pcpA, and psrP genes. Penicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole resistance were evident in >90% of the isolates. The ermB, mefA, and tetM genes were detected in (n = 7, 16.3%), (n = 4, 9.3%) and (n = 43, 100%) of the isolates, respectively. However, >60% showed alteration in the pbp2b gene. MLST revealed five novel and six known sequence types (STs). ST156 (Spain9V-3) and ST802 were identified as international antibiotic-resistant clones. The emergence of international-MDR clones in Ghana requires continuous monitoring of the pneumococcus through a robust surveillance system.Bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, chronicity and recurrence of bacterial infections. Critical to the stability and survival of extant biofilms is the extracellular DNA (eDNA)-dependent matrix which shields the resident bacteria from hostile environments, allows a sessile metabolic state, but also encourages productive interactions with biofilm-inclusive bacteria. Given the importance of the eDNA, approaches to this area of research have been to target not just the eDNA, but also the additional constituent structural components which appear to be widespread. Chief among these is a ubiquitous two-member family of bacterial nucleoid associated proteins (the DNABII proteins) responsible for providing structural integrity to the eDNA and thereby the biofilm. Moreover, this resultant novel eDNA-rich secondary structure can also be targeted for disruption. Here, we provide an overview of both what is known about the eDNA-dependent matrix, as well as the resultant means that have resulted in biofilm resolution. Results obtained to date have been highly supportive of continued development of DNABII-targeted approaches, which is encouraging given the great global need for improved methods to medically manage, or ideally prevent biofilm-dependent infections, which remains a highly prevalent burden worldwide.In this study, the onset and shaping of the salivary and gut microbiota in healthy newborns during the first period of life has been followed, evaluating the impact of salivary microbiota on the development of early fecal microbial communities. The microbiota of 80 salivary and 82 fecal samples that were collected from healthy newborns in the first six months of life, was investigated by 16S rRNA amplicon profiling. The microbial relationship within and between the saliva and gut ecosystems was determined by correlation heatmaps and co-occurrence networks. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus appeared as early commensals in the salivary microbiota, dominating this ecosystem through the time, while Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Granulicatella, and Veillonella were late colonizers. Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were gut pioneers, followed by the anaerobic Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, Eggerthella, and Bacteroides. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Veillonella were shared by the gut and saliva ecosystems. The saliva and gut microbiota seem to evolve independently, driven by local adaptation strategies, except for the oral Streptococcus and Veillonella that are involved in gut microbiota development as seeding species. This study offers a piece of knowledge on how the oral microbiota may affect the gut microbiota in healthy newborns, shedding light onto new microbial targets for the development of therapies for early life intestinal dysbiosis.Here, we report a first comprehensive genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in North African countries, including Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia, with respect to genomic clades and mutational patterns. As of December 2021, a total of 1669 high-coverage whole-genome sequences submitted to EpiCoV GISAID database were analyzed to infer clades and mutation annotation compared with the wild-type variant Wuhan-Hu-1. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes revealed the existence of eleven GISAID clades with GR (variant of the spike protein S-D614G and nucleocapsid protein N-G204R), GH (variant of the ORF3a coding protein ORF3a-Q57H) and GK (variant S-T478K) being the most common with 25.9%, 19.9%, and 19.6%, respectively, followed by their parent clade G (variant S-D614G) (10.3%). Lower prevalence was noted for GRY (variant S-N501Y) (5.1%), S (variant ORF8-L84S) (3.1%) and GV (variant of the ORF3a coding protein NS3-G251V) (2.0%). Interestingly, 1.5% of total genomes were assigned as GRA (Omicron), the newly emerged clade. Across the North African countries, 108 SARS-CoV-2 lineages using the Pangolin assignment were identified, whereby most genomes fell within six major lineages and variants of concern (VOC) including B.1, the Delta variants (AY.X, B.1.617.2), C.36, B.1.1.7 and B.1.1. The effect of mutations in SAR-CoV-2 genomes highlighted similar profiles with D614G spike (S) and ORF1b-P314L variants as the most changes found in 95.3% and 87.9% of total sequences, respectively. In addition, mutations affecting other viral proteins appeared frequently including; NRG203KR, NG212V, NSP3T428I, ORF3aQ57H, SN501Y, MI82T and EV5F. These findings highlight the importance of genomic surveillance for understanding the SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity and its spread patterns, leading to a better guiding of public health intervention measures. The know-how analysis of the present work could be implemented worldwide in order to overcome this health crisis through harmonized approaches.