Mackmurphy6960

With the growing demand for safe and nutritious foods, some novel food nonthermal sterilization technologies were developed in recent years. Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has the characteristics of strong antimicrobial ability, wide sterilization range, and posing no threat to the humans and environment. Furthermore, EOW can be used as a green disinfectant to replace conventional production water used in the food industry since it can be converted to the ordinary water after sterilization. This review summarizes recent developments of the EOW technology in food industry. It also reviews the preparation principles, physical and chemical characteristics, antimicrobial mechanisms of EOW, and inactivation of toxins using EOW. In addition, this study highlights the applications of EOW in food preservation and safety control, as well as the future prospects of this novel technology. EOW is a promising nonthermal sterilization technology that has great potential for applications in the food industry.The O2-mediated oxidation of all-β-barrel ferrous nitrosylated nitrobindin from Arabidopsis thaliana (At-Nb(II)-NO), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt-Nb(II)-NO), and Homo sapiens (Hs-Nb(II)-NO) to ferric derivative (At-Nb(III), Mt-Nb(III), and Hs-Nb(III), respectively) has been investigated at pH 7.0 and 20.0 °C. Unlike ferrous nitrosylated horse myoglobin, human serum heme-albumin and human hemoglobin, the process in Nb(II)-NO is mono-exponential and linearly dependent on the O2 concentration, displaying a bimolecular behavior, characterized by kon = (6.3 ± 0.8) × 103 M-1 s-1, (1.4 ± 0.2) × 103 M-1 s-1, and (3.9 ± 0.5) × 103 M-1 s-1 for At-Nb(II)-NO, Mt-Nb(II)-NO, and Hs-Nb(II)-NO, respectively. No intermediate is detected, indicating that the O2 reaction with Nb(II)-NO is the rate-limiting step and that the subsequent conversion of the heme-Fe(III)-N(O)OO- species (i.e., N-bound peroxynitrite to heme-Fe(III)) to heme-Fe(III) and NO3- is much faster. A similar mechanism can be invoked for ferrous nitrosylated human neuroglobin and rabbit hemopexin, in which the heme-Fe(III)-N(O)OO- species is formed as well, although the rate-limiting step seems represented by the reshaping of the six-coordinated heme-Fe(III) complex. Although At-Nb(II)-NO and Mt-Nb(II)-NO are partially (while Hs-Nb(II)-NO is almost completely) penta-coordinated, density functional theory (DFT) calculations rule out that the cleavage of the proximal heme-Fe-His bond in Nb(II)-NO is responsible for the more stable heme-Fe(III)-N(O)OO- species. Moreover, the oxidation of the penta-coordinated heme-Fe(II)-NO adduct does not depend on O2 binding at the proximal side of the metal center. These features may instead reflect the peculiarity of Nb folding and of the heme environment, with a reduced steric constraint for the formation of the heme-Fe(III)-N(O)OO- complex.Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) cause toxic effects on animals, but their joint effects on pyroptosis in kidney of ducks remain unclear. 160 healthy 7-day-old ducks were randomly divided into four groups which were fed with basal diet containing different dosages of Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks. On the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks, kidney tissue and serum were collected. The results showed that Mo or/and Cd could significantly elevate their contents in kidney, disturb the homeostasis of trace elements, cause renal function impairment and histological abnormality, and oxidative stress as accompanied by increasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and decreasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities. Simultaneously, Mo or/and Cd could markedly increase interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) contents and the expression levels of pyroptosis-related genes (NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7), Gasdermin A (GSDMA), Gasdermin E (GSDME), IL-1β and IL-18) and proteins (NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, ASC and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)). Moreover, the changes of above these indicators were more obvious in combined group. Taken together, the results illustrate that Mo and Cd might synergistically lead to oxidative stress and induce pyroptosis via NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, whose mechanism is somehow related to Mo and Cd accumulation in duck kidneys.

Alterations of brain signal complexity may reflect brain functional abnormalities. In adolescent bipolar disorder (ABD) distribution of brain regions showing abnormal complexity in different mood states remains unclear. We aimed to analyze brain entropy (BEN) alteration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal to observe spatial distribution of complexity in ABD patients, as well as the relationship between this variation and clinical variables.

Resting-state fMRI data were acquired from adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) who were in manic (n=19) and euthymic (n=20) states, and from healthy controls (HCs, n=17). The differences in BEN among the three groups, and their associations with clinical variables, were examined.

Compared to HCs, manic and euthymic ABD patients showed increased BEN in right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). There was no significant difference of BEN between the manic and the euthymic ABD groups. selleck chemicals llc In manic ABD patients, rand clinical symptoms. From the perspective of brain temporal dynamics, the present study complements previous findings that have reported corticolimbic dysfunction as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of BD. BEN may provide valuable evidences for understanding the underlying mechanism of ABD.

During the civil war in northern Uganda (1986-2006), thousands of girls were abducted into rebel and government forces. Most of the females who were not abducted lived in abhorrent conditions in camps for internally displaced people (IDP). As the war was drawing to a close, reintegration programs emerged and some continue today.

Using a feminist lens, we conducted a scoping review to examine the literature written about these girls and young women. The impetus for this research was to determine the breadth of literature available; compare how this population is represented in the academic, practitioner and popular literature and to analyse how this representation may be impacting reintegration programming.

Key words were entered into 14 academic databases, search engines and practitioner websites. Articles were included if they covered the recruitment, retention, return, and/or reintegration of formerly abducted and/or war-affected girls and women and if they were published between 2005 and 2019. A total of 112 articles were categorized and coded according to topics, themes and theoretical approaches.

Based on the findings of this scoping review, it appears that many articles describe formerly abducted and war-affected young women from a deficit-based perspective, while relatively fewer articles are written with a strength-based, resiliency-focused lens.

Based on our analysis, we argue for a more nuanced representation of women formerly engaged with armed groups, and argue for a gendered, inclusive approach to reintegration programming.

Based on our analysis, we argue for a more nuanced representation of women formerly engaged with armed groups, and argue for a gendered, inclusive approach to reintegration programming.

There has been a burgeoning development of trauma-informed care (TIC) interventions for children involved with the child welfare system. A quantitative synthesis of these interventions' effects on child wellbeing is warranted for the advancement of evidence-based practices.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate TIC interventions' pooled effect on the wellbeing of children involved with the child welfare system, while examining factors that may moderate the effect.

The search and review yielded 15 eligible studies. We first estimated the interventions' pooled effect based on a compound child wellbeing indicator, and then on three specific child wellbeing indicators posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction, behavioral problem reduction, and other psychological wellbeing improvement. We further conducted subgroup meta-analyses to evaluate factors that may moderate the effect.

TIC interventions had a moderate effect as shown through the compound child wellbeing indicator (SMD=0.47, 95% CI=[0.27, 0.67]) as well as the three specific indicators (SMD=0.37 to 0.52, 95% CI=[0.02, 0.88]). Subgroup meta-analyses indicated that the intervention effects varied but generally remained at a moderate level across study and intervention characteristics.

The findings suggest that TIC interventions for children involved with the child welfare system are promising, but the effect may vary by intervention strategies and other factors. Implications for practices and research are discussed.

The findings suggest that TIC interventions for children involved with the child welfare system are promising, but the effect may vary by intervention strategies and other factors. Implications for practices and research are discussed.

Longitudinal studies on resilience among children who have experienced maltreatment indicate that resilience is multi-dimensional. However, most research consolidates diverse developmental domains comprising resilience into a single score, which does not allow for detection of potentially heterogeneous associations between risk factors and outcomes of resilience processes.

This study seeks to improve our understanding of the association between early child maltreatment and development through middle childhood (6-12years) using individual domains considered to be outcomes of resilience processes.

Participants are 499 children from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect.

We used latent growth curve models to explore patterns of socialization and daily living skills, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors - outcomes of resilience processes - across three time points in middle childhood, and their association with early maltreatment, defined as referral to Child Protective Services (CPS) before age 6.

In fully adjusted models, children experiencing early maltreatment had poorer baseline scores in activities of daily living (-4.22, 95% CI [-7.38, -1.46]) and externalizing behavior (2.95, 95% CI [1.05, 4.86]), but maltreatment was not associated with change over time in these domains. However, maltreatment was associated with increases in internalizing behavior over time (0.42, 95% CI [0.06, 0.77]).

Heterogeneity in patterns of association between maltreatment and outcomes of resilience processes support the utility of examining developmental domains individually, versus as a composite, to identify specific targets for intervention.

Heterogeneity in patterns of association between maltreatment and outcomes of resilience processes support the utility of examining developmental domains individually, versus as a composite, to identify specific targets for intervention.Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the female breast is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that complements clinical routine protocols, and that might provide an independent diagnostic value for specific clinical tasks in breast imaging. To further improve specificity of DWI in the breast, stronger and faster diffusion weighting is advantageous. Here, a dedicated gradient coil is designed, targeted at diffusion weighting in the female breast, with the peak gradient magnitude exceeding that of the current clinical MR scanners by an order of a magnitude. Design of application-tailored gradient coils in MRI has recently attracted increased attention. With the target application in mind, the gradient coil is designed on an irregularly shaped semi-open current-carrying surface. Due to the coil former closely fitting the non-spherical target region, non-linear encoding fields become particularly advantageous for achieving locally exceptionally high gradient strengths. As breast tissue has a predominantly isotropic cellular microstructure, the direction of the diffusion-weighting gradient may be allowed to vary within the target volume.