Mackdevine9277

Finally, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technology was used to time-dependently monitor the NO oxidation process, revealing the photocatalytic mechanism. This work investigated the role of the heterojunction interface in the gas-phase catalytic reaction, broadening the practical application of the ZnO@ZnS heterojunction.Commercialization of novel adsorbents technology for providing safe drinking water must consider scale-up methodological approaches to bridge the gap between laboratory and industrial applications. These imply complex matrix analysis and large-scale experiment designs. Arsenic concentrations up to 200-fold higher (2000 µg/L) than the WHO safe drinking limit (10 µg/L) have been reported in Latin American drinking waters. In this work, biochar was developed from a single, readily available, and taxonomically identified woody bamboo species, Guadua chacoensis. Raw biochar (BC) from slow pyrolysis (700 °C for 1 h) and its analog containing chemically precipitated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (BC-Fe) were produced. BC-Fe performed well in fixed-bed column sorption. Predicted model capacities ranged from 8.2 to 7.5 mg/g and were not affected by pH 5-9 shift. The effect of competing matrix chemicals including sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chloride, acetate, dichromate, carbonate, fluoride, selenate, and molybdate ions (each amixtures) were characterized using high resolution XPS and possible competitive interactions and adsorption pathways and attractive interactions were proposed including electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding and weak chemisorption to BC phenolics. Stoichiometric precipitation of metal (Mg, Ca and Fe) oxyanion (phosphate, molybdate, selenate and chromate) insoluble compounds is considered. The use of a packed BC-Fe cartridge to provide As-free drinking water is presented for potential commercial use. BC-Fe is an environmentally friendly and potentially cost-effective adsorbent to provide arsenic-free household water.Fe(II) interaction with cement phases was studied by means of co-precipitation and sorption experiments in combination with X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. mTOR inhibitor Oxidation of Fe(II) was fast in alkaline conditions and therefore, a methodology was developed which allowed Fe(II) to be stabilised in the sorption experiments and to prepare samples for spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the co-precipitation samples showed uptake of a small portion of Fe(II) by calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) in the interlayer indicated by an increase in the interlayer spacing. Fe(II) incorporation by AFm phases was not indicated. Wet chemical experiments using 55Fe radiotracer revealed linear sorption of Fe(II) irrespective of the Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H and equilibrium pH. The Kd values for Fe(II) sorption on C-S-H are more than three orders of magnitude lower as compared to Fe(III), while they are comparable to those of other bivalent metal cations. XAFS spectroscopy showed Fe(II) binding by C-S-H in an octahedral coordination environment. The large number of neighbouring atoms rules out the formation of a single surface-bound Fe(II) species. Instead the data suggest presence of Fe(II) in a structurally bound entity. The data from XRD and XAFS spectroscopy suggests the presence of both surface- and interlayer-bound Fe(II) species.In this paper, the urchin-like CeO2/ZnO@Au photocatalyst was rationally designed and prepared through hydrothermal method, chemical precipitation and photo reduction deposition. The optimal photocatalyst (CZA8) degraded Rhodamine B (RhB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and Naproxen (NPX) about 100% within 20 min, 91.4% within 60 min and 88.9% within 30 min under Xe lamp illumination, respectively. Besides, the CZA8 possesses outstanding photo corrosion resistance capacity which has been verified with the cycle degradation experiments. The photocatalyst displays excellent light response and efficient separation of photo-induced carriers due to the fabrication of type-II heterojunction, the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and as well as the oxygen vacancy. The oxygen vacancy was systematically characterized by XPS, PL and Raman. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation pathways are proposed based on the LC-MS results. Finally, a novel photocatalytic mechanism for photocatalytic oxidation of RhB, 4-NP and NPX is discussed and schematically illuminated.Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) proliferation, chemoresistance, inflammation, metastasis, and now DNA damage. While controlling F. nucleatum through antibiotics could reduce cancer severity, this article proposes additional strategies to block Fusobacterium-host interactions, as well as treatment of activated host immune and oncogenic signaling pathways in CRC.The discovery of oncogenic driver mutations led to the development of targeted therapies with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being a paradigm for precision medicine in this setting. Nowadays, the number of clinical trials focusing on targeted therapies for uncommon drivers is growing exponentially, emphasizing the medical need for these patients. Unfortunately, similar to what is observed with most targeted therapies directed against a driver oncogene, the clinical response is almost always temporary and acquired resistance to these drugs invariably emerges. Here, we review the biology of infrequent genomic actionable alterations in NSCLC as well as the current and emerging therapeutic options for these patients. Mechanisms leading to acquired drug resistance and future challenges in the field are also discussed.

Adherence is suboptimal in adolescents with epilepsy. Social norms comparison (i.e., feedback about someone else's behavior related to one's own behavior) strategies may be beneficial in improving medication adherence. Using a novel model of behavioral intervention development, the aim of the current study was to create a social norms intervention for adolescents with epilepsy via focus groups and usability studies.

A focus group, individual interviews, short-term usability, and extended usage testing studies were conducted. Across all study phases, content and images of intervention components were displayed to participants as mock-ups in PowerPoint slide decks. After each phase, updated iterations were shown to participants to refine the intervention. Several questionnaires were completed by adolescents and caregivers to characterize the samples.

Twelve adolescents participated in the focus group/individual interviews and usability studies. The final Behavioral Economic Adherence for Teens (BEAT) intervention consists of a text messaging system and a graphical user interface.