Macgregortyler1627

Since data from large retrospective observational studies and cancer registries became available, suggesting a benefit for patients undergoing surgery, the role of surgery in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) needs to be reconsidered. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes and results of patients with SCLC undergoing intent-to-treat surgery.

We retrospectively analyzed 324 patients (1998-2018) with a diagnosis of SCLC referred to our Institution. 65 patients underwent surgical resection with curative intent. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to compare overall survival (OS) for all patients.

Among the patients, 39 (60.0 %) patients had surgery upfront, whereas 24 (36.9 %) had surgery after chemotherapy (CT) alone, and 2 (3.1 %) after CT plus radiotherapy (RT). Twenty-nine (44.6 %) patients were stage I or had a complete response to induction treatment, 21 (32.3 %) had stage II, and 15 (23.1 %) stage III. Forty-four (67.7 %) patients underwent adjuvant treatment 21 (32.3 %) had CT, 31 (47.7 %) RT, and 7 (10.8 %) both. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was administered in 15 patients (23.1 %). The median OS after initial diagnosis at 1, 5, 10 years was 1, 5, 10 years was 81.4 %, 41.4 % and 25.4 % respectively. Among patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent, those with clinical stage I had a longer survival (5-year OS 62.9 %) p < 0.0001.

patients with stage I SCLC could be considered the best candidates for surgery, in a multidisciplinary setting. Instead, considering their worse survival, those with stage II and III should be carefully selected for the surgical approach, and alternative therapy should be considered.

patients with stage I SCLC could be considered the best candidates for surgery, in a multidisciplinary setting. Instead, considering their worse survival, those with stage II and III should be carefully selected for the surgical approach, and alternative therapy should be considered.Swales are the oldest and most common stormwater control measure for conveying and treating roadway runoff worldwide. find more Swales are also gaining popularity as part of stormwater treatment trains and as crucial elements in green infrastructure to build more resilient cities. To achieve higher pollutant reductions, swale alternatives with engineered media (bioswales) and wetland conditions (wet swales) are being tested. However, the available swale design guidance is primarily focused on hydraulic conveyance, overlooking their function as an important water quality treatment tool. The objective of this article is to provide science-based swale design guidance for treating targeted pollutants in stormwater runoff. This guidance is underpinned by a literature review. The results of this review suggest that well-maintained grass swales with check dams or infiltration swales are the best options for runoff volume reduction and removal of sediment and heavy metals. For nitrogen removal, wet swales are the most effective swale alternative. Bioswales are best for phosphorus and bacteria removal; both wet swales and bioswales can also treat heavy metals. Selection of a swale type depends on the site constraints, local climate, and available funding for design, construction, and operation. Appropriate siting, pre-design site investigations, and consideration of future maintenance during design are critical to successful long-term swale performance. Swale design recommendations based on a synthesis of the available research are provided, but actual design standards should be developed using local empirical data. Future research is necessary to identify optimal design parameters for all swale types, especially for wet swales.We performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of surfaces of kefir biofilms loaded with Amazon rainforest fruit extract. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the micromorphology of the biofilms. The films surface displayed a lower density of microorganisms (∼ 0.061 microorganisms/μm2) for the lowest concentration of fruit extract, however, a greater density (∼0.220 microorganisms/μm2) was observed for the higher concentration. Height stereometric parameters revealed that the biofilms with the highest concentration presented the highest roughness. However, almost all the stereometric parameters related to texture showed no significant difference. Furthermore, the Hurst coefficients of the average power spectrum density were similar for all biofilms. Fractal parameters confirmed that higher concentrations of fruit extract induced a superior topographic irregularity. However, fractal lacunarity does not show any significant difference confirming the similarity of the microtextures. Moreover, fractal succolarity and surface entropy exhibited values that suggested ideal percolation and strong topographic uniformity, respectively, indicating that these films can uniformly adhere to other surfaces. Our results confirm that the stereometric and fractal parameters can be relevant for the surface characterization of microbial films, which can be of great importance to the biomedical field.The development of plant-based protein polymers to employ in biofilm production represents the promising intersection between material science and sustainability, and allows to obtain biodegradable materials that also possess excellent physicochemical properties. A possible candidate for protein biopolymer production is phaseolin, a storage protein highly abundant in P Vulgaris beans. We previously showed that transformed tobacco chloroplasts could be employed to express a mutated phaseolin carrying a signal peptide (directing it into the thylakoids) also enriched of a cysteine residue added to its C-terminal region. This modification allows for the formation of inter-chain disulfide bonds, as we previously demonstrated, and should promote polymerization. To verify the effect of the peptide modification and to quantify polymer formation, we employed hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation coupled to UV and multi-angle laser scattering detection (HF5-UV-MALS) HF5 allows for the selective size-based separation of phaseolin species, whereas MALS calculates molar mass and conformation state of each population.