Macdonaldkaae9546

Two trials were carried out to study the effects of copper sulphate (CuSO4 ) on detoxifying glucosinolates (GLS) in rapeseed cake (RSC) and compare the effects of feeding CuSO4 -treated and untreated RSC on nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) metabolism in steers. In Trial 1, different concentrations of CuSO4 solution (1.6 vs. 3.2 g CuSO4 ·5H2 O L-1 ), soaking temperatures (25 vs. 60°C) and drying methods (air drying at 60°C vs. freeze drying) were allocated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in vitro. In Trial 2, six steers and dietary inclusions of untreated RSC (control), CuSO4 -treated RSC and CuSO4 -added RSC were assigned in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. ABT-199 Bcl-2 inhibitor CuSO4 treatment in vitro decreased the contents of GLS and thiocyanate (TC) in RSC (p less then 0.001). The total amount of GLS and TC decreased by 62.7-68.5% for all treatments. The animal trial showed that CuSO4 -treated RSC inclusion decreased ruminal concentration of valerate (p less then 0.01), whereas it did not affect ruminal pH, ammonia N and total volatile fatty acids. Compared with the control, feeding CuSO4 -treated or CuSO4 -added RSC had no effect on plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, N excretion and N retention. CuSO4 -treated RSC tended to increase neutral detergent fibre digestibility (p = 0.072) and urinary excretion of urea (p = 0.056). Urinary excretion of purine derivatives (p = 0.076) and rumen microbial N supply (p = 0.084) tended to decrease when feeding CuSO4 -treated RSC versus control. TC was found to be the only metabolite of GLS in rumen fluid, plasma and urine. It was feasible to detoxify GLS in RSC using low CuSO4 at room temperature. However, feeding CuSO4 -treated or CuSO4 -added RSC had minor effects on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and N metabolism in steers. CuSO4 treatment on RSC for feeding steers seems to be unnecessary.

Influenza D virus (IDV), a segmented single-stranded negative-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, belongs to the new Delta influenza virus genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Cattle were proposed as the natural reservoir of IDV in which infection was associated with mild-to-moderate respiratory clinical signs (i.e. cough, nasal discharge and dyspnoea).

In order to investigate the role of IDV in bovine respiratory disease, during the period 2017-2020, 883 nasal or naso-pharyngeal swabs from Canadian cattle with respiratory signs (cough and/or dyspnoea) were tested by (RT-)qPCR for IDV and other major bovine viral (bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine parainfluenza virus 3 and bovine coronavirus) and bacterial (Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis) respiratory pathogens. In addition, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were carried out on five IDV-positive samples. The prevalence of IDVf information claim for more surveillance of IDV in cattle production worldwide.Mentha longifolia L. is well-known to be one of the most pervasive wild-growing species of the Lamiaceae family, which has extensive beneficial properties in the fields of pharmacology and biological products. In the present study, the correlation between Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and morpho-chemical parameters of twenty different M. longifolia accessions (MLACs) were assessed. The geographic information system (GIS) has been employed to interpret the original habitat of the accessions in Iran. ISSR analysis indicated a remarkable difference in the studied accessions, segregated them into three main groups, constructed by an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). A total of 89 bands were generated by 12 ISSR primers, among which 82 (91.97 %) of them were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on agro-morphological data scattered MLACs into two main groups. The essential oils (EOs) were analyzed through GC/FID/MS, and four chemotypes were characterized according to the major constituents. Pulegone ranged from 0.17 to 69.50 % was the main oil constituent with the highest content. Also, HPLC-PDA was employed to identify and to quantify the phenolic compounds in the MeOH extracts of MLACs. Heatmap cluster based on phenolic compounds produced three main categories of accessions. The components identified in the extracts were rosmarinic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid, which among them rosmarinic acid (RA) varied from 39.16 to 261.55 mg/100 g (DW) as a predominant constituent. Subsequently, multiple regression analyses between ISSR fragments and morpho-chemical data illustrated considerable relationships in the plant materials. The high variation and correlation observed in metabolic and phenotypic traits of MLACs establish an adequate source to conduct reserves conservation programs.Early-weaning syndrome is harmful to animals because an effect on growth in the early-stage of life generally determines the overall growth rate. Sophorolipid (SPL), a surface-active glycolipid compound, has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity and stimulate cell proliferation. Thus, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of SPL on the gut turnover after the wound. The in vitro experiment with HT-29 cells showed the increased proliferation with increasing gene levels of collagenase-1 and matrilysin-1. Next, the 16-day in vivo experiment was conducted with thirty rats (14-day-old), and the allocation was performed according to their body weight (BW) into three treatments control diet (CON), 48 ppm of oxytetracycline-supplemented diet (OTC) and 10 ppm of SPL-supplemented diet (SPL). Dietary SPL accelerates the growth of rats in overall periods, and intestinal permeability was lower in SPL at day 16. Villuscrypt ratio and the goblet cell count were also higher in SPL than in CON at day 8. Caecal Streptococcus spp. were significantly reduced with dietary SPL and OTC at day 8 and 16, and total short-chain fatty acid, acetate and butyrate levels were increased in the SPL at day 8. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that SPL could improve gut remodelling potential and modulate the gut environments, resulted in acceleration of post-weaning growth. Therefore, SPL could have a potential as a feed additive aimed at promoting repair system after wound in animal's gut.