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FOXA3 is a transcription factor involved in the macrophage cholesterol efflux and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport reducing the atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to establish if the FOXA3 polymorphisms are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) and cardiometabolic parameters. Two FOXA3 polymorphisms (rs10410870 and rs10412574) were determined in 386 individuals with SA and 1070 controls. No association with SA was observed. The rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of having total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, non-HDL-cholesterol > 160 mg/dL, and a high risk of having LDL pattern B and insulin resistance adipose tissue in individuals with SA, and with a high risk of having interleukin 10 <p25 and magnesium deficiency in controls. The rs10412574 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of insulin resistance of the adipose tissue and a high risk of aspartate aminotransferase >p75 in individuals with SA, and with a low risk of LDL pattern B and a high risk of a magnesium deficiency in controls. Independent analysis in 846 individuals showed that the rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a high risk of aortic valve calcification. In summary, FOXA3 polymorphisms were not associated with SA; however, they were associated with cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with and without SA.Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) is an ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) molecular chaperone responsible for the activation and maturation of client proteins. The mechanism by which Hsp90 achieves such activation, involving structurally diverse client proteins, has remained enigmatic. However, recent advances using structural techniques, together with advances in biochemical studies, have not only defined the chaperone cycle but have shed light on its mechanism of action. Hsp90 hydrolysis of ATP by each protomer may not be simultaneous and may be dependent on the specific client protein and co-chaperone complex involved. Surprisingly, Hsp90 appears to remodel client proteins, acting as a means by which the structure of the client protein is modified to allow its subsequent refolding to an active state, in the case of kinases, or by making the client protein competent for hormone binding, as in the case of the GR (glucocorticoid receptor). This review looks at selected examples of client proteins, such as CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and GR, which are activated according to the so-called 'remodelling hypothesis' for their activation. A detailed description of these activation mechanisms is paramount to understanding how Hsp90-associated diseases develop.Enzyme activation is a powerful means of achieving biotransformation function, aiming to intensify the reaction processes with a higher yield of product in a short time, and can be exploited for diverse applications. However, conventional activation strategies such as genetic engineering and chemical modification are generally irreversible for enzyme activity, and they also have many limitations, including complex processes and unpredictable results. Recently, near-infrared (NIR), alternating magnetic field (AMF), microwave and ultrasound irradiation, as real-time and precise activation strategies for enzyme analysis, can address many limitations due to their deep penetrability, sustainability, low invasiveness, and sustainability and have been applied in many fields, such as biomedical and industrial applications and chemical synthesis. These spatiotemporal and controllable activation strategies can transfer light, electromagnetic, or ultrasound energy to enzymes, leading to favorable conformational changes and improving the thermal stability, stereoselectivity, and kinetics of enzymes. Furthermore, the different mechanisms of activation strategies have determined the type of applicable enzymes and manipulated protocol designs that either immobilize enzymes on nanomaterials responsive to light or magnetic fields or directly influence enzymatic properties. To employ these effects to finely and efficiently activate enzyme activity, the physicochemical features of nanomaterials and parameters, including the frequency and intensity of activation methods, must be optimized. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive overview related to emerging technologies for achieving real-time enzyme activation and summarizes their characteristics and advanced applications.Concerns have been raised about the high number of mutations in the spike protein of the new emergence of the highly transmissible Omicron variant (B.1.1529 lineage) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This variant's extraordinary ability to evade antibodies would significantly impair the current vaccination program. This present study aimed to computationally analyze the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein of Omicron variants and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). The docking results indicated that Omicron BA.2 has exceptionally strong interactions with hACE2 in comparison to Omicron BA.1, Delta, and wild-type, as indicated by various parameters such as salt bridge, hydrogen bond, and non-bonded interactions. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation study corroborate these findings, indicating that Omicron BA.2 has a strong and stable interaction with hACE2. This study provides insight into the development of an effective intervention against this variant.Prolonged shade during the reproductive stage can result in significant yield losses in rice. For this study, we elucidated the role of microRNAs in prolonged-shade tolerance (~20 days of shade) in a shade-tolerant rice variety, Swarnaprabha (SP), in its reproductive stage using small RNA and degradome sequencing with expression analysis using microarray and qRT-PCR. This study demonstrates that miRNA (miR) regulation for shade-tolerance predominately comprises the deactivation of the miR itself, leading to the upregulation of their targets. Up- and downregulated differentially expressed miRs (DEms) presented drastic differences in the category of targets based on the function and pathway in which they are involved. Moreover, neutrally regulated and uniquely expressed miRs also contributed to the shade-tolerance response by altering the differential expression of their targets, probably due to their differential binding affinities. The upregulated DEms mostly targeted the cell wall, membrane, cytoskeleton, and cellulose synthesis-related transcripts, and the downregulated DEms targeted the transcripts of photosynthesis, carbon and sugar metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid and protein metabolism. We identified 16 miRNAs with 21 target pairs, whose actions may significantly contribute to the shade-tolerance phenotype and sustainable yield of SP. The most notable among these were found to be miR5493-OsSLAC and miR5144-OsLOG1 for enhanced panicle size, miR5493-OsBRITTLE1-1 for grain formation, miR6245-OsCsIF9 for decreased stem mechanical strength, miR5487-OsGns9 and miR168b-OsCP1 for better pollen development, and miR172b-OsbHLH153 for hyponasty under shade.New synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are emerging rapidly and continuously. Biological matrices are key for their precise detection to link toxicity and symptoms to each compound and concentration and ascertain consumption trends. The objective of this study was to determine the best human biological matrices to detect the risk-assessed compounds provided by The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction AB-CHMINACA, ADB-CHMNACA, MDMB-CHMICA, and 5F-MDMB-PINACA. read more We carried out a systematic review covering 2015 up to the present date, including original articles assessing detection in antemortem human biological matrices with detailed validation information of the technique. In oral fluid and blood, SC parent compounds were found in oral fluid and blood at low concentrations and usually with other substances; thus, the correlation between SCs concentrations and severity of symptoms could rarely be established. When hair is used as the biological matrix, there are difficulties in excluding passive contamination when evaluating chronic consumption. Detection of metabolites in urine is complex because it requires prior identification studies. LC-MS/MS assays were the most widely used approaches for the selective identification of SCs, although the lack of standard references and the need for revalidation with the continuous emergence of new SCs are limiting factors of this technique. A potential solution is high-resolution mass spectrometry screening, which allows for non-targeted detection and retrospective data interrogation.This study aimed to investigate GJB2 (MIM 121011) and GJB6 (MIM 604418) variants associated with familial non-syndromic hearing impairment (HI) in Senegal. We investigated a total of 129 affected and 143 unaffected individuals from 44 multiplex families by segregating autosomal recessive non-syndromic HI, 9 sporadic HI cases of putative genetic origin, and 148 control individuals without personal or family history of HI. The DNA samples were screened for GJB2 coding-region variants and GJB6-D3S1830 deletions. The mean age at the medical diagnosis of the affected individuals was 2.93 ± 2.53 years [range 1-15 years]. Consanguinity was present in 40 out of 53 families (75.47%). Variants in GJB2 explained HI in 34.1% (n = 15/44) of multiplex families. A bi-allelic pathogenic variant, GJB2 c.94C>T p.(Arg32Cys) accounted for 25% (n = 11/44 families) of familial cases, of which 80% (n = 12/15) were consanguineous. Interestingly, the previously reported "Ghanaian" founder variant, GJB2 c.427C>T p.(Arg143Trp), accounted for 4.5% (n = 2/44 families) of the families investigated. Among the normal controls, the allele frequency of GJB2 c.94C>T and GJB2 c.427C>T was estimated at 1% (2/148 ∗ 2) and 2% (4/148 ∗ 2), respectively. No GJB6-D3S1830 deletion was identified in any of the HI patients. This is the first report of a genetic investigation of HI in Senegal, and suggests that GJB2 c.94C>T p.(Arg32Cys) and GJB2 c.427C>T p.(Arg143Trp) should be tested in clinical practice for congenital HI in Senegal.Nitrate, the inorganic anion NO3-, is found in many foods and is an endogenous mammalian metabolite, which is supplied mostly through the diet. Although much is known about the safety of sodium nitrate when given per os, methodological safety data on intravenous bolus injection of sodium nitrate to rodents are lacking. Recently, we have proposed a new use for nitrate, as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging that will be metal free and leave no traces in the body and the environment further to the imaging examination. It was shown that a stable isotope-labelled analog of this ion (15NO3-), in a sodium nitrate solution form and hyperpolarized state, produces a high magnetic resonance signal with prolonged visibility. Therefore, sodium nitrate was targeted for further preclinical development in this context. In the absence of methodological safety data on the potential effects of a high concentration sodium nitrate bolus intravenous injection into rodents, we carried out such an investigation in mice and rats (n = 12 of each, 6 males and 6 females in each group, altogether 24 animals).