Lyonrees9009

6%). However, only 46% agreed that pharmacy technicians should take medication histories. The majority of respondents were satisfied with overall pharmacy services (80.7%). Only 25% were satisfied with pharmacy technicians' participation in ward rounds. Gender was associated with attitude of respondents (

= 0.02). Selleck AR-A014418 Factors associated with satisfaction of respondents included profession (

= 0.047) and work experience (

= 0.008).

Our results revealed a positive attitude and overall satisfaction with technician-led patient-oriented pharmacy services. Additional training, clear job descriptions, and direct pharmacist supervision could ensure the quality and safety of these services.

Our results revealed a positive attitude and overall satisfaction with technician-led patient-oriented pharmacy services. Additional training, clear job descriptions, and direct pharmacist supervision could ensure the quality and safety of these services.Objective Burn injuries remain among the most severe traumatic injuries globally. With the discovery of cortisol, the use of steroids has become an essential therapy for the management of inflammatory and metabolic conditions. Several studies have shown the steroid oxandrolone improves burn injuries through stimulating anabolic and reducing catabolic processes. In this review, we examine the efficacy and applications of oxandrolone with regard to burn management and treatment. Data Sources A literature search was performed using the PubMed database from January 1990 to May 2020 to identify articles on oxandrolone and burn management. A total of 18 studies were included in our review. Study Selection and Criteria The keywords used in our search strategy for PubMed included "oxandrolone" and "burns." Data Synthesis The main benefit of oxandrolone is the improved long-term lean body, protein, and bone mineral mass of burn patients. In addition, 3 separate meta-analyses showed oxandrolone shortened length of hospital stay, donor-site healing time, reduced weight loss, and net protein loss. However, oxandrolone therapy did not affect mortality, infection, or liver function. Conclusion Oxandrolone remains an effective therapy for reducing the hypermetabolic response and comorbidities from burn injuries. Future clinical trials are needed using larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up to determine whether oxandrolone in the context of rehabilitation programs can reduce mortality, lower treatment costs, and improve function outcomes among burn patients.Objective To review the efficacy, safety, and role of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist semaglutide for chronic weight management. Data Sources A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed using the search terms semaglutide 2.4, weight, and obesity. Ongoing studies of semaglutide were identified utilizing clinicaltrials.gov. Study Selection and Data Extraction All English-language articles evaluating the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management in humans were included. Data Synthesis Once-weekly injectable semaglutide 2.4 mg is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased exercise for chronic weight management in adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2 with at least one weight-related comorbidity, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia. Semaglutide 2.4 mg has consistently demonstrated clinically significant weight loss across all phase 3 STEP (semaglutide treatment effect in people with obesity) trials, and long-term efficacy and safety have been confirmed for up to 2 years. Gastrointestinal side effects were the most frequently reported side effects, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. Safety data for semaglutide 2.4 mg were consistent with that reported previously for the GLP-1 receptor agonist class. Conclusions Semaglutide 2.4 mg is a highly efficacious agent for weight management, with a safety profile similar to that of other GLP-1 receptor agonists. It is a feasible option for chronic weight management, with data for up to 2 years. It is currently the only once-weekly weight loss medication, although cost may limit its utilization.Background Synchronous education describes when teaching, learning, and assessment occur concurrently and asynchronous education describes when teaching, learning, and assessment occur anytime. Remote learning is where teaching and learning occur via technological means. Objective This report describes a remote, asynchronous learning method implemented in a 3-year, block curriculum, Doctor of Pharmacy degree program. Methods Remote asynchronous lectures embedded with quizzes were delivered to pharmacy students at the end of their first professional year and beginning of their second professional year. Camtasia software and Screencast.com were utilized during portions of 4 pharmacotherapeutic-based courses. Students completed time-spaced quizzes embedded every 5 to 15 minutes throughout the videos and quiz scores were recorded. Discrete watches, number of total watches, and average number of video quiz questions correctly answered were examined for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) with end-of-course summative assessment scores. Results There were no strong positive correlations between discrete watches, number of total watches, and average number of video quiz questions correctly answered and end-of-course assessment scores (ρ range -0.47 to 0.25). There were weak to moderate correlations within the rheumatology and dermatology assessment scores based on the Screencast.com content questions and the number of unique video watches (ρ = 0.40), average number of total video watches (ρ = 0.28), and average percent of quiz questions correct (ρ = 0.40), all of which were statistically significant (P less then 0.05). Conclusions Remote asynchronous lectures including time-spaced quizzes were not associated with improvements in summative assessment performance. Mild positive correlations between remote asynchronous lectures and time-spaced quizzes may correspond with discrete questions on a summative assessment but those relationships may be influenced by the content within the remote asynchronous lectures.Background Pharmacogenetics may explain a substantial proportion of the variation seen in the efficacy and risk profile of analgesosedative drugs and the incidence of delirium in critically ill adults. Objectives Conduct a feasibility study to demonstrate the reliability of collecting and analyzing pharmacogenetic information from critically ill patients and to assess the impact of pharmacogenetics on intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes. Methods We prospectively enrolled subjects from the Medical ICU at the University of North Carolina (UNC). DNA was obtained via a buccal swab and evaluated using the DNA2Rx assay. We collected data on demographics, daily cumulative psychoactive medication exposure, and severity of illness. We performed daily delirium assessments via the CAM-ICU. We analyzed associations between select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and delirium. Results From June, 2018 through January, 2019, we screened 244 patients and enrolled 50. The median age was 62.0 years old (range 28-82 years old), and 27 (54%) of the subjects were female. In all, 49 (98%) samples were both high quality and sufficient quantity. In secondary analyses, we found that 80% (12/15) of patients with two 2 copies of a G allele at rs4680 on COMT experienced delirium, whereas 44% (4/9) of patients with 2 copies of an A allele at this location had delirium. In all, 44% (4/9) of patients with 2 T allele copies at rs7439366 on UGT2B7 experienced delirium compared to 73% (11/15) of patients with 2 C allele copies at this location. Conclusions We can feasibly collect genetic information from critically ill adults. We were able to efficiently collect high quality DNA of sufficient quantity to conduct pharmacogenetic analysis in this critically ill population. Although the sample size of our current study is too small to conduct robust inferential analyses, it suggests potential SNP targets for a future larger study.Background Vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam (VPT) is a common antibiotic combination used in hospitals, and there has been increasing data indicating that the combination is associated with increased rates of acute kidney injury (AKI). It is unclear if the dosing method of vancomycin would mitigate the risk of AKI seen with VPT. Objective To observe and compare incidence of AKI in patients on VPT when using the trough-based dosing method versus the area-under-the-curve (AUC)-based dosing method. Methods This was a multi-center, retrospective, observational study at 3 community hospitals. Adults receiving at least 48 hours of VPT were included. Patients with severe renal dysfunction, pregnant patients, prisoners, and patients with central nervous system infections, or malignancy were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of AKI as defined by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) criteria. Results A total of 300 patients were included in the study; 150 patients in both the trough and AUC groups. A total of 23 patients (15%) in the trough group and 17 patients (11%) in the AUC group met the primary outcome (odds ratio [OR] 0.7058, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.3603, 1.3826], P = .3098). Conclusion and Relevance The incidence of AKI was lower in the AUC group compared with the trough group; however, this was not significant. The results of our study suggest that there is no difference between incidence of AKI when using trough- or AUC-based dosing in those receiving VPT. Because of the small sample size and retrospective nature of the study, more data are needed.Background Nearly 10 billion doses of the various messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and viral vector vaccines against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been administered worldwide. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been overwhelmingly mild to moderate in nature. Rare side effects have included myocarditis/pericarditis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), and death. However, vaccine-related ADR data are still being collected using a variety of reporting systems. Purpose We will describe a case of suspected mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster-related rhabdomyolysis in a woman who developed signs and symptoms 10 days after administration of the vaccine dose. With a Naranjo ADR probability score of 4, the vaccine was deemed to be a possible cause of our patient's rhabdomyolysis. Methods A search of the VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System) mined in November 2021 revealed 386 reported cases of COVID-19 vaccine-related rhabdomyolysis. However, system limitations make the utility of the information problematic. Conclusions It is vitally important that clinicians, scientists, and patients are aware of rhabdomyolysis as a potential side effect of vaccination. Suspected vaccine-related ADRs should be promptly and accurately reported via VAERS or other surveillance systems to support the ongoing effort to ensure vaccine safety.