Lyngeskriver9618

Traditional exercises performed with the shoulder in the position of 90° abduction and external rotation with elbow flexion (90/90) while using a single elastic band showed moderate activity of both the lower trapezius (LT) and infraspinatus (IS) muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate activity of the teres minor (TMi) and the LT muscles during standing external rotation exercise with the shoulder in the 90/90 position with 2 elastic bands in both the frontal and the scapular plane.

TMi, IS, and LT muscle activities will vary depending on whether the shoulder is positioned in the frontal or scapular plane with the application of 2 elastic bands. Also, the serratus anterior (SA) and teres major (TMa) muscles will produce different muscular activity patterns during exercises performed with 2 elastic bands in the frontal plane compared with the TMi and LT muscles.

Controlled laboratory study.

Level 4.

A total of 21 collegiate baseball players volunteered to participate. The electromyographmuscle and scapular muscle activities between the frontal and scapular plane during the 90/90 exercise in the frontal plane compared with the scapular plane. Clinicians can utilize each of the scapular and frontal positions based on their desired focus for muscular activation.

Oscillation movement under double elastic band application differentiated external rotator muscle and scapular muscle activities between the frontal and scapular plane during the 90/90 exercise in the frontal plane compared with the scapular plane. Clinicians can utilize each of the scapular and frontal positions based on their desired focus for muscular activation.Understanding of the exact topography of the distal radioulnar ligaments insertions remains limited. An anatomical study was performed in 21 fresh frozen cadaveric wrists, where the superficial and deep ligaments were sequentially transected sharply at their ulnar insertions. The relationships between the distal radioulnar ligament footprints relative to the bony landmarks of the ulnar styloid were digitized. Our study demonstrated that in the coronal plane, the superficial distal radioulnar ligaments inserted at an average of 87% of the styloid height proximally to the styloid tip distally. The deep distal radioulnar ligaments inserted at an average of 81% of the styloid height distally to the fovea proximally. The superficial footprint had an area of 10.6 mm2 on the ulnar styloid. The deep distal radioulnar ligaments attachment was asymmetric and generally had two separate footprints. This study adds important topographical knowledge about the footprint of the distal radioulnar ligaments and may contribute to understanding the consequences of ulnar styloid fractures and distal radioulnar ligaments lesions.

The correct "dosing" of neuropsychological assessment is of interest for the purposes of cost management and the personalization of medicine/assessment. In this context, embedded IQ screening, rather than routine comprehensive IQ testing, may be useful in identifying youth at risk for Intellectual Disability (ID) for whom further assessment is needed. This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-5) needed to identify youth with Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) ≤75.

Data were obtained from a large pediatric clinically referred sample (N = 4,299; Mean Age = 10.7 years; Range = 6-16y; 66% male; 54% White; 29% receiving Public Insurance), divided into training (n = 2149) and test (n = 2150) samples.

In the training sample, sequential and additive regression-based models for predicting FSIQ comprised of one (Block Design [BD]), two (BD + Similarities [SI]), three (BD + SI + Matrix Reasoning [MR]), and four (BD + SI + MR + Digit Span [DS]) subtests of the WISC-5 explained 61.3%, 82.7%, 88.5%, and 93.0% of FSIQ variance, respectively. Using a predicted FSIQ ≤ 80 as a cut score to identify persons with observed FSIQ ≤75, the two subtest (BD + SI) model showed strong sensitivity (83.4), specificity (90.5), and negative predictive value (96.2) in the test sample; however, positive predictive value was low (65.3%). Three and four subtest models provided incremental, but modest gains in classification metrics.

Findings suggest the first several subtests of the WISC-5 can be used to identify clinically referred youth at risk for ID who subsequently require full administration of the WISC-5 for consideration of an ID diagnosis.

Findings suggest the first several subtests of the WISC-5 can be used to identify clinically referred youth at risk for ID who subsequently require full administration of the WISC-5 for consideration of an ID diagnosis.The motor and sensory systems work collaboratively to fulfill cognitive tasks, such as speech. For example, it has been hypothesized that neural signals generated in the motor system can transfer directly to the sensory system along a neural pathway (termed as motor-to-sensory transformation). Previous studies have demonstrated that the motor-to-sensory transformation is crucial for speech production. However, it is still unclear how neural representation dynamically evolves among distinct neural systems and how such representational transformation depends on task demand and the degrees of motor involvement. Using three speech tasks - overt articulation, silent articulation, and imagined articulation, the present fMRI study systematically investigated the representational formats and their dynamics in the motor-to-sensory transformation. 1-Deoxynojirimycin modulator Frontal-parietal-temporal neural pathways were observed in all three speech tasks in univariate analyses. The extent of the motor-to-sensory transformation network differed when the degrees of motor engagement varied among tasks. The representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that articulatory and acoustic information was represented in motor and auditory regions, respectively, in all three tasks. Moreover, articulatory information was cross-represented in the somatosensory and auditory regions in overt and silent articulation tasks. These results provided evidence for the dynamics and task-dependent transformation between representational formats in the motor-to-sensory transformation.In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many otolaryngology practices worldwide have chosen to shift their consultations from in-person to telemedicine. The addition of the telemedicine model has allowed many physicians to resume their clinical duties while maintaining social distancing. Access to telemedicine generally relies on the patient's ability to obtain and use technology-factors that are usually dictated by age, education, and socioeconomic status. The Rio Grande Valley, the home of the South Texas Sinus Institute, is a border community situated on the southern tip of Texas. The population is predominantly Hispanic, Spanish speaking, and of a lower socioeconomic level. The aim of this commentary is to describe the effects of the transition to telemedicine in a vulnerable community and the possible improvements that could be made to facilitate access to this resource.Purpose The purpose of the study is to capture goals expressed by older adults with functional limitations and their caregivers. Methods Through focus groups and interviews, 76 older adults with ≥1 activity of daily living limitation and 28 family/friend caregivers were asked about what mattered most to them and their goals for care. Transcripts were coded using an existing taxonomy. Goals that did not fit the taxonomy were assigned new codes. Results We identified more than 50 goals in eight domains. Domains included (a) Medical Care; (b) Quality of Life Physical; (c) Quality of Life Social and Emotional; (d) Access to Services and Supports; (e) Caregiver Needs and Concerns; (f) End of Life; (g) Independence; and (h) Acceptable Housing. Conclusion While there is overlap between identified goals and the existing taxonomy, new goals emerged. The goal domains identified could serve as a framework to improve and measure the quality of goal-oriented care for older adults with complex needs.The flipped classroom has the potential to improve student performance. Because flipping involves both preclass preparation and problem solving in the classroom, the means by which increased learning occurs and whether the method of delivering content matters is of interest. In a partially flipped cell biology course, students were assigned online videos before the flipped class and textbook reading before lectures. Low-stakes assessments were used to incentivize both types of preclass preparation. We hypothesized that more students would watch the videos than read the textbook and that both types of preparation would positively affect exam performance. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that both reading and video viewing had a significant positive impact on exam score, and this model was predictive of exam scores. In contrast to our expectations, most students prepared by both watching videos and reading the textbook and did not exhibit a pattern of solely watching videos. This analysis supports previous findings that engagement with material outside class is partly responsible for the improved outcomes in a flipped classroom and shows that both reading and watching videos are effective at delivering content outside class.In a world of burgeoning societal issues, future scientists must be equipped to work interdisciplinarily to address real-world problems. To train undergraduate students toward this end, practitioners must also have quality assessment tools to measure students' ability to think within an interdisciplinary system. There is, however, a dearth of instruments that accurately measure this competency. Using a theoretically and empirically based model, we developed an instrument, the Interdisciplinary Science Rubric (IDSR), to measure undergraduate students' interdisciplinary science thinking. An essay assignment was administered to 102 students across five courses at three different institutions. Students' work was scored with the newly developed rubric. Evidence of construct validity was established through novice and expert response processes via semistructured, think-aloud interviews with 29 students and four instructors to ensure the constructs and criteria within the instrument were operating as intended. Interrater reliability of essay scores was collected with the instructors of record (κ = 0.67). An expert panel of discipline-based education researchers (n = 11) were consulted to further refine the scoring metric of the rubric. Results indicate that the IDSR produces valid data to measure undergraduate students' ability to think interdisciplinarily in science.Taro (Colocasia esculenta) starch is known to possess unique physical and functional properties such as low amylose content, A-crystalline form, small granules, higher swelling power, etc. Due to the presence of significant amount of calcium oxalate crystals, the food industry is reluctant to explore this unique and cheap starch source for various food applications. Traditional processes utilizing various physical and chemical methods to remove oxalate content of starch inevitably change its physical and functional properties. However, using oxalate oxidase can effectively remove oxalates without altering the unique properties of starch. Hence, an attempt was made to optimize oxalate oxidase assisted starch extraction process from taro flour using response surface methodology. A central composite design comprising 20 experimental trials with 10 cube points augmented with six axial points and four replicates at the center point was applied. A mathematical model was developed to show the effect of taro flour concentration, enzyme load and incubation time on the oxalate removal.