Lyngeschroeder0666

Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the rare forms of cancer globally which has a high incidence in select geographic and ethnic populations. The current study aims to assess the clinical presentation, imaging patterns and radiology-pathology correlation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 80 patients with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma who came to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from January 2016 to August 2017. The patients' history, physical examination, abdominopelvic ultrasound, chest x-ray, computed tomography scan and biopsy reports were reviewed from their medical record. Patients who had previous history of treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, those who did not have biopsy and those without imaging were excluded from the study. Results This study showed that 61(81.3%) patients had neck swelling as the initial clinical symptom, and the average time of presentation of symptoms was 6(IQR 8) months. On the other hand, 56(70.0%) were diagnosed with non-keratinizing undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma while 15(3.8%) had keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sixty-nine (86.3%) patients had nodal metastasis; 22.5% had invasion into the paranasal sinuses; 47.5% had T4 with T1, T2 and T3 being 18.8%, 17.5% and 7.5% stage respectively at time of diagnosis. Ninety percent of the cases had a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma on imaging, but 10% were given alternative diagnosis. Conclusion Non-keratinizing undifferentiated type was the commonest histologic subtype in this study which is also recognized as the commonest one in endemic countries. A significant number did not have a specific histologic WHO type on pathology report which could in turn affect the management and assessment of risk factors. © 2020 Amal S., et al.Background Hepatocellular cancer is the commonest liver cancer which contributes to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Despite the anticipated high burden of the disease in the country, there is paucity of data on the associated risk factors and its pattern on imaging. The aim of this study was to assess Computed Tomography patterns and the risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods A cross-sectional, prospective study on patients with a diagnosis of HCC on Computed Tomography examination, at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from July, 2016 to July, 2017. Zoligratinib All patients who had characteristic Computed Tomography features and those who were diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)/biopsy and had Computed Tomography examination were included in the study. Risk factors identified were reviewed from patients' medical records. Result A total of 70(n=70) patients were included in the study. The mean age was 50 ± 16 years. Fifty-seven (81.4%) of the participants were males, and 13(18.6%) were females. Forty-five (64.3%) of them came from urban areas and 25(35.7%) of them were from rural areas. The lesions were focal in 52(74.3%) and infiltrative in 18(25.7%) of the cases. Vascular invasion and distant metastases were seen in 49(70%) and 17(24.3%) respectively. Twenty-nine (41%) had negative hepatitis markers, and 13(19%) were not investigated for hepatitis infection. Conclusion The majority of the patients presented with advanced disease such as vascular invasion and metastases. The major risk factors such as hepatitis infection were negative in significant number of patients. The risk factors in our setting should be studied further. Moreover, high-risk group selection and screening is essential to diagnose HCC early. © 2020 Ferehiwot Getaneh, et al.Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) has been continually increasing in developing countries especially in Thailand. Although insulin resistance and central obesity are initially considered as significant risk factors, the other causal factors leading to the development of MS continue to challenge the investigators. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of MS in Pathum Thani province, Thailand and to investigate the relationship between MS and risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed with 202 Thai volunteers. Anthropometric-biochemical variables and blood pressures in each subject were measured. Results Almost one-third (32.7%) of the participants were diagnosed with MS based on the harmonized criteria, and one of the most significant risk factors is the elevated blood pressure. Weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides and uric acid were significantly higher in subjects with MS subjects. However, HDL-C levels were significantly lower in subjects with MS, compared to subjects without MS (p less then 0.001). The results of regression model after adjustment for age and gender showed that the increased serum uric acid level (OR=1.31, 95%CI =1.04-1.66), cigarette smoking (OR=3.72, 95%CI =1.51-9.15) and physical activity (OR=0.36, 95%CI =0.19-0.67) were significantly related to MS. Conclusions These findings suggest that the decrease of uric acid level, the promotion of physical activity and smoking cessation may decrease the risk of developing MS among Thais. © 2020 Klongthalay S., et al.Background An injury is a physical damage that occurs when the body is exposed to an excessive amount of energy. Physical agents, radiation, chemical agents, biological agents and physiological needs deprivation can cause injury. The study was aimed at assessing the severity of injury and identifying the factors associated with it among injured patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who visited the emergency department of Wolaita Sodo Teaching and Referral Hospital from January 1, 2012 - January 1, 2017. A total of 320 patient records were included in the study and selected using simple random sampling. Statistical association was done for categorical variables using Chi-square. Rank correlation was done for three ordered options independent variables, Chi-squared test for trend used for two options independent variables, and General Chi-square test of independence used for independent variables with not ordered three and above options. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was conducted. A P-value less then 0.05 was taken as a significant association. Results The study indicated that the majority (45.3%), 128(40%) and 47(14.7%) had minor, moderate and severe injury, respectively. Residence (AOR 0.462; 95%CI 0.268, 0.798), cause of injury (AOR 3.602; 95%CI 1.336, 9.714), night time injury (AOR 4.895; 95%CI 1.472, 16.277), afternoon time injury (AOR 8.776; 95%CI 2.699, 28.537), and chest injury (AOR 2.391; 95%CI 1.048, 5.454) were significant predictors of moderate injury. Afternoon time of injury (AOR; 4.683; 95%CI 1.137, 19.296) and head, neck and spinal cord injury (AOR; 4.933; 95%CI 1.945, 12.509) were predictors of severe injury. © 2020 Rebera Olana Fite, et al.Background Ethiopia has pledged to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 framework. However, the achievements of these UNAIDS targets are not assessed in Southwest Ethiopia. Using HIV care and treatment outcomes as surrogate markers, we assessed all targets. Methods Complex surrogate makers were used to assess the HIV care continuum outcomes using antiretroviral therapy data in Jimma University Teaching Hospital. Early HIV diagnosis was a surrogate marker to measure the first 90. Numbers of people on HIV treatment and who have good adherence were used to measure the second 90. To measure the third 90, we used immunological success that was measured using numbers of CD4 counts, clinical success using WHO clinical stages and treatment success using immunological and clinical successes. Results In total, 8172 patients were enrolled for HIV care from June 2003 to March 2015. For the diagnosis target, the prevalence of early HIV diagnosis among patients on ART was 35% (43% among children and 33.3% among adults). For the treatment target, 5299(65%) received ART of which 1154(22%) patients lost to follow-up or defaulted from ART treatment, and 1015(19%) patients on treatment transferred out to other sites. In addition, 17% had fair or good adherence. Finally, 81% had immunological success, 80% had clinical success and 66% treatment success. Conclusions The study revealed that Southwest Ethiopia achieved 35%, 65% and 66% of the first, second and third UNAIDS targets, a very far performance from achieving the target. These highlight further rigorous interventions to improve outcome of HIV continuum of care. © 2020 Hailay Abrha Gesesew, et al.Background Sexual satisfaction is an essential component of overall health related quality of life. However, the epidemiology of sexual satisfaction among Ethiopian women is largely unknown. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the sexual satisfaction and its associated factors among married women. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study with mixed approach was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2019 in Kewot District, Northern Ethiopia on a sample of 397 married women. Quantitative data was collected on a face-to-face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire while qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews. The new sexual satisfaction scale was used to assess sexual satisfaction of the women. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. Results The findings showed that half of the participants (50.4%) expressed moderate sexual satisfaction, and only 39% of the participants reported greatest sexual satisfaction. Poor partner communication (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI; 0.11-0.79], poor sexual self-esteem (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI; 0.08 - 0.36), absence of social responsibility (AOR = 6.52, 95% CI; 3.32 - 12.80), poor sexual function (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI; 0.21 - 0.61), no previous information about sexuality (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI; 0.00 - 0.62) and perception of sexual talk as taboo (AOR = 7.15, 95% CI; 3.86 - 13.26) were significantly associated with sexual satisfaction. Conclusion Several factors could affect sexual satisfaction of married women. Therefore, development of educational programs, pre-marriage counseling and continuous education should be conducted. © 2020 Betregiorgis Zegeye, et al.Background Analysis of maternal near miss events and identification of factors resulting in maternal death are vital to improve the quality of obstetric care in any given setting. This study is aimed to determine the magnitude of maternal miss and identify its determinants. Methods A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was used. Sixty one maternal near misses (as cases) and 122 mothers who had a normal obstetric outcome (as controls) at obstetrics and gynecology ward of Nekemte Referral Hospital were included from May 1st, 2018 to July 31st, 2018. The criteria set by the World Health Organization were used to identify maternal near miss cases. The data were collected via face-to-face interviews using pretested structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22. For every case, two controls were recruited. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. A 95% CI and p-value of less then 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Result The magnitude of maternal near miss was 4.