Lyhnehuffman6212

In this paper we review congenital tumors of the brain, face and neck encountered in prenatal life, and discuss diagnostic clues for appropriate diagnosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Britain's unexpected vote to leave the European Union (Brexit) in June 2016 has proved divisive and damaging both within the United Kingdom and internationally. Across two correlational studies, the current research proposed a model to explain the Brexit vote, with attitudes to immigration and willingness to disagree (WD) as direct predictors of the referendum result, and internal (IMS) and external (EMS) motivation to respond without prejudice as indirect predictors. Study 1 (N = 353) and Study 2 (N = 363) both showed good fit with the model and, respectively, explained 48% and 46% of the referendum result. More positive attitudes to immigration predicted a vote to remain. Higher IMS and lower EMS predicted a vote to remain, fully mediated by attitudes to immigration. In Study 1, lower WD also predicted a vote to remain, both directly and indirectly via attitudes to immigration, although this was not replicated in Study 2. These results are discussed both in relation to the Brexit result, and the implications for motivation to respond without prejudice, WD, and political correctness more generally. © 2020 The Authors. British Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Psychological Society.Precision medicine research often searches for treatment-covariate interactions, which refers to when a treatment effect (eg, measured as a mean difference, odds ratio, hazard ratio) changes across values of a participant-level covariate (eg, age, gender, biomarker). Single trials do not usually have sufficient power to detect genuine treatment-covariate interactions, which motivate the sharing of individual participant data (IPD) from multiple trials for meta-analysis. Here, we provide statistical recommendations for conducting and planning an IPD meta-analysis of randomized trials to examine treatment-covariate interactions. For conduct, two-stage and one-stage statistical models are described, and we recommend (i) interactions should be estimated directly, and not by calculating differences in meta-analysis results for subgroups; (ii) interaction estimates should be based solely on within-study information; (iii) continuous covariates and outcomes should be analyzed on their continuous scale; (iv) nonlinear relationships should be examined for continuous covariates, using a multivariate meta-analysis of the trend (eg, using restricted cubic spline functions); and (v) translation of interactions into clinical practice is nontrivial, requiring individualized treatment effect prediction. For planning, we describe first why the decision to initiate an IPD meta-analysis project should not be based on between-study heterogeneity in the overall treatment effect; and second, how to calculate the power of a potential IPD meta-analysis project in advance of IPD collection, conditional on characteristics (eg, number of participants, standard deviation of covariates) of the trials (potentially) promising their IPD. Real IPD meta-analysis projects are used for illustration throughout. © 2020 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.OBJECTIVE As only sparse data are available, we aimed to investigate whether needs for activated vitamin D and calcium supplements change in women with hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy and lactation and risk of pregnancy related complications. DESIGN Retrospective review of medical records. PATIENTS 12 Danish and Canadian patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism who completed 17 pregnancies. MEASUREMENTS Data were extracted on plasma levels of ionized calcium (P-Ca2+ ) and doses of active vitamin D and calcium supplements during pregnancy (N=14) and breastfeeding (N=10). Data on pregnancy complications were available from all 17 pregnancies. RESULTS Although average doses of active vitamin D (p=0.91) and calcium supplements (p=0.43) did not change during pregnancies, a more than 20% increase or decrease in dose of active vitamin D was needed in more than half of the pregnancies in order to maintain normocalcemia. Five women (36%) developed hypercalcemia by the end of pregnancy or start of lactation. Median All rights reserved.The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular machine that injects effectors into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The mode of action of the T6SS is similar to contractile phages the contraction of a sheath structure pushes a tube topped by a spike into target cells. Effectors are loaded onto the spike or confined into the tube. In enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, the Tle1 phospholipase binds the C-terminal extension of the VgrG trimeric spike. Here, we purify the VgrG-Tle1 complex and show that a VgrG trimer binds three Tle1 monomers and inhibits their activity. Using covalent cross-linking coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, we provide information on the sites of contact and further identify the requirement for a Tle1 N-terminal secretion sequence in complex formation. Finally, we report the 2.6-Å-resolution cryo-electron microscopy tri-dimensional structure of the (VgrG)3 -(Tle1)3 complex revealing how the effector binds its cargo, and how VgrG inhibits Tle1 phospholipase activity. The inhibition of Tle1 phospholipase activity once bound to VgrG suggests that Tle1 dissociation from VgrG is required upon delivery. © 2020 The Authors.OBJECTIVE To report genome-wide cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening facilitating the diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort analysis of positive genome-wide cfDNA screening results showing increased signal from chromosome 12 and the detection of Pallister-Killian syndrome. H-151 The genome-wide cfDNA screening results and the subsequent investigations were reviewed. RESULTS Three singleton pregnancies (3/29007) from 2016-2017 yielded positive results involving chromosome 12 indicating large gains on the entire p-arm of chromosome 12. In two cases, multiple structural abnormalities were detected by prenatal ultrasound and the couples opted for termination of pregnancy. Chromosomal microarray performed on fetal skin tissues of the two abortuses detected mosaic tetrasomy 12p, consistent with Pallister-Killian syndrome. In the third case, karyotype and chromosomal microarray performed on amniotic fluid samples also showed mosaic tetrasomy 12p. In each of the three cases, genome-wide cfDNA screening revealed a large gain on chromosome 12p; subsequent prenatal or postnatal diagnostic testing confirmed the diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome.