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9%, 6.7%, and 4.3% per year, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that the correlation between the decline in estimated daily smoking rates and decline in detection rate of UIAs (hazard ratio 52.5 CI = (14.9,∞), p < 0.00001) and incidence of SAH (hazard ratio 11.8 CI=(5.6,32.5), p < 0.00001) are statistically significant. The association is particularly strong in young and middle-aged cohorts (< 66 years old).

It is likely that reducing cigarette smoking on a population-based level strongly reduces the rates of UIAs and SAH.

It is likely that reducing cigarette smoking on a population-based level strongly reduces the rates of UIAs and SAH.

The function-based resection using trans-cortical approach for removing insular diffuse glioma shares a positive benefit-to-risk ratio with a low rate of permanent morbidity.

The technique requires intraoperative functional brain mapping to be performed under awake condition using direct electrical stimulations at both cortical and subcortical levels to identify brain connectivity supporting neurocognition.

The trans-cortical approach is a safe and efficient technique to remove insular diffuse glioma. Intraoperative functional brain mapping under awake condition allows preserving brain connectivity and tailoring the resection. Great care must be taken in preventing vascular damages, and particularly the lenticulostriate arteries.

The trans-cortical approach is a safe and efficient technique to remove insular diffuse glioma. selleck Intraoperative functional brain mapping under awake condition allows preserving brain connectivity and tailoring the resection. Great care must be taken in preventing vascular damages, and particularly the lenticulostriate arteries.

Abdominoplasty using progressive tension sutures (PTS) without drains has been reported to lower seroma risk. However, evidence regarding the reproducibility of PTS drainless abdominoplasty in lowering seroma risk is inconsistent and limited to a few studies.

The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of PTS without drains in reducing seroma rates associated with abdominoplasty.

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched with no restrictions for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies in which the number of patients who experienced postoperative seroma was indicated. The keywords included progressive tension sutures, quilting sutures, "drain," and "abdominoplasty. Review Manager software (RevMan, version 5.3) was utilized to compute the pooled effect estimate using a random-effects Mantel-Haenszel model. The outcomes were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was conducted based on whetherque using progressive tension sutures.

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Blepharoplasty is a very requested surgery for aesthetic rejuvenation of the eyes with grateful results. Lower blepharoplasty involving a variety of different techniques can be considered to refresh the oculopalpebral area. The approach of the treatment of the tear trough as releasing the tear trough ligament and plication of orbicularis oculi muscle in the palpebral portion to fill the tear trough concavity is essential in our surgical technique demonstrated here.

From July 2014 to January 2020, 435 patients were submitted to blepharoplasty surgery for rejuvenation of the eyes. Lower blepharoplasty was performed with releasing of the tear trough ligament and suspension and fixation of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the medial part of orbital bone corresponding to the tear trough area. The follow-up was 12months.

Patient satisfaction was high, and no complications were observed. Ten patients (2.2%) needed the addition of hyaluronic acid fillers in the tear trough 12months after the surgery.

We conclude that the use of the orbicularis oculi muscle suspension improves the long-term aesthetic results for the tear trough and the technique is easy to perform.

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .A nanoprobe array based on fluorescent nitrogen-rich carbon dots (N-CDs) and Ag+ was constructed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of seven kinds of biogenic polyamines (BAs), including tryptamine (Try), histamine (His), putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), and agmatine (Agm). Ag+ can specifically bind to the N-CDs and quench the fluorescence of the N-CDs through a static mechanism. BAs further statically quench the fluorescence of the N-CD@Ag+ composite by bridging two Ag+ centers of the N-CD@Ag+. The nanoprobe array was constructed based on the differential fluorescence response arising from the differential binding affinity of various BAs. BAs can be differentiated and analyzed by the nanoprobe array within the concentration range 0.5-500 μM. The preliminary diluted and artificially spiked commercial human serum was utilized to simulate the serum environment for assessing the performance of the nanoprobe array in real samples. The N-CD@Ag+ system can recognize BAs with 100% accuracy in simulated human serum samples. The quantitative determination of BAs - no matter in a one-component system or a three-component system - was also realized by using the N-CD@Ag+ system even in the simulated serum environment. The recovery rates from spiked serum samples were higher 99%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3%. Based on the excellent multi-BA determination performance, a BA-related disease model about cerebral ischemia was constructed. Healthy cases as well as mild, moderate, and severe cerebral ischemia cases can be well identified from the disease model based on the N-CD@Ag+ nanoprobe array. Schematic representation of fluorescent nanoprobe array constructed by carbon nanodots (N-CDs) and Ag+ for qualitative and quantitative analyses of biogenic polyamines (BAs) and diagnosis of cerebral ischemia (CI) through linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM).