Lundbergcrowder6936

For the software VA test, TRV was 0.202, 0.138 and 0.112 after presenting 6, 11 and 20 letters. The reproducibility of the software was equal to the ETDRS at 11 letters and thereafter surpassed. Similar results were achieved in the patient group.

This study demonstrates that by utilizing a VA testing software, based on advanced threshold testing algorithms we were able to duplicate, and surpass, the reproducibility of the ETDRS chart while presenting much fewer letters.

This study demonstrates that by utilizing a VA testing software, based on advanced threshold testing algorithms we were able to duplicate, and surpass, the reproducibility of the ETDRS chart while presenting much fewer letters.

To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of circumferential trabeculotomy (CT) in the treatment of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Retrospective, single-institutional case series of CT performed for PCG in years 1997-2016. The surgery could be completed in 42 out of 65 eyes (65%) intended for CT, and 39 of them were included in the study. A follow-up examination was performed in 2017. Success was defined as intraocular pressure≤16mmHg without (complete) or with (qualified) glaucoma medication.

Complete success was obtained in 33/39 eyes (85%), qualified success in 34/39 eyes (87%). Of the 39 eyes with CT, 4 eyes (10%) needed additional surgery. Median follow-up time was 120months (range, 19-245months). Median pre- and postoperative IOP were 26.0mmHg (range, 10-41mmHg) and 11.0mmHg (range, 8-19mmHg), respectively (p<0.001). Cup-disc ratio was ≥0.5 in 82% at baseline, at follow-up in 9%. The median distance corrected visual acuity at follow-up was logMAR 0.06 (range, -0.2 to 1.1). Median number of glaucoma medication at follow-up was 0 (range, 0-2), at baseline 1.0 (range, 0-2). No serious complications were noted.

Circumferential trabeculotomy is an efficacious, safe and medication saving surgical treatment for PCG in the long term. After a median follow-up of 10years (120months), the morphological status of the optic nerve was either normalized or stabilized, and the visual acuity overall well preserved.

Circumferential trabeculotomy is an efficacious, safe and medication saving surgical treatment for PCG in the long term. After a median follow-up of 10 years (120 months), the morphological status of the optic nerve was either normalized or stabilized, and the visual acuity overall well preserved.

As NEP degrades many substrates, the specific therapeutic mechanism of NEP inhibition with angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is not entirely evident. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of two substrates of NEP-the tachykinin and enkephalin systems-to the initiation of ARNi therapy in HFrEF.

Between 2016 and 2018, 141 consecutive patients with stable HFrEF [74 with initiation of ARNi and 67 controls on continuous angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy] were prospectively enrolled. Plasma proenkephalin-A 119-159 (PENK) and pro-substance P (pro-SP) were serially determined. Proenkephalin-A 119-159 and pro-SP correlated strongly with each other (r

=0.67, P<0.001) and kidney function (r

=-0.66, P<0.001 and r

=-0.54, P<0.001) and modestly with NT-proBNP (r

=0.32, P<0.001 and r

=0.24, P=0.006, respectively). Concentrations of circulating PENK were slightly elevated after 1 and 2year follow-up compared with baseline (BL) [BL median 67.4pmol/L (IQR 57.3-89.8), 1year 83.5pmol/L (IQR 62.4-111.6), 2years 92.3pmol/L (IQR 63.1-101.9); BL vs. 1year P=0.017 and BL vs. 2years P=0.019] in the overall analysis, but lost significance at 2year follow-up when assessed in paired subanalysis (P=0.116). Plasma pro-SP levels remained comparable during the entire follow-up [BL median 78.3pmol/L (IQR 67.9-90.6), 1year 75.9pmol/L (IQR 58.6-96.3), 2years 79.7pmol/L (IQR 59.9-105.3); P=ns for both timepoints]. Biomarker patterns of ARNi patients were independent from baseline therapy, that is, ACEi or ARB (P>0.05 between groups).

Although enkephalins and SP are known substrates of NEP, NEP inhibition by ARNi does not clearly affect the circulating precursors PENK and pro-SP in HFrEF.

Although enkephalins and SP are known substrates of NEP, NEP inhibition by ARNi does not clearly affect the circulating precursors PENK and pro-SP in HFrEF.

To investigate the association between midlife or late-life diabetes and the development of sarcopenia in an older Japanese population.

A total of 824 Japanese residents aged 65 to 84years without sarcopenia were followed up from 2012 to 2017. Sarcopenia was determined following the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definition. The time of diabetes diagnosis was classified as midlife or late-life diabetes by the age at first diagnosis of diabetes (< 65 or≥65years) based on annual health checkups data over the past 24years. check details The duration of diabetes was categorized into three groups of<10, 10-15, and>15years. The odds ratios of incident sarcopenia according to the diabetic status were estimated using a logistic regression analysis.

During follow-up, 47 subjects developed sarcopenia. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for incident sarcopenia was significantly greater in subjects with diabetes at baseline than in those without it (odds ratio 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.26-5.00). Subjects with midlife diabetes had a significantly greater risk of incident sarcopenia, whereas no significant association between late-life diabetes and incident sarcopenia was observed. With a longer duration of diabetes, the risk of incident sarcopenia increased significantly (P for trend=0.002).

The present study suggests that midlife diabetes and a longer duration of diabetes are significant risk factors for incident sarcopenia in the older population. Preventing diabetes in midlife may reduce the risk of the development of sarcopenia in later life.

The present study suggests that midlife diabetes and a longer duration of diabetes are significant risk factors for incident sarcopenia in the older population. Preventing diabetes in midlife may reduce the risk of the development of sarcopenia in later life.

The posterior cornea is rotationally asymmetric, and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts preferentially scroll vertically. This prospective study assessed whether graft attachment after DMEK differed depending on the rotational alignment of the donor graft in the recipient eye.

Pseudo-randomization and blinding of the graft orientation in the recipient's eye were possible by procedural separation (1) The eye bank recorded the position of an orientation marker in the donor cornea; (2) the surgeon preparing the DMEK graft recorded an upside-down marker relative to the eye bank marker; and (3) the surgeon assessed the position of the upside-down marker in the recipient after DMEK. Surgeons were masked towards the eye bank marker. Using mixed-effects models, we assessed graft attachment relative to the rotational alignment of the donor graft.

Postoperatively, the graft was not fully attached in 59 of 179 eyes (33%). A second air fill (rebubbling) was performed in 11%. The graft axis was in line with the recipient cornea axis in 40%, oblique in 28% and orthogonal in 32%. We did not detect an elevated risk of incomplete attachment (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% CI, 0.61-2.20), risk of rebubbling (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.47-3.31) or larger areas of graft detachment in non-aligned grafts compared to aligned grafts.

Rotational alignment was not strongly associated with the risk of incomplete graft attachment, although modestly elevated risks cannot be ruled out. Efforts are needed to reduce the need for rebubbling after DMEK and to identify modifiable risk factors for graft detachment.

Rotational alignment was not strongly associated with the risk of incomplete graft attachment, although modestly elevated risks cannot be ruled out. Efforts are needed to reduce the need for rebubbling after DMEK and to identify modifiable risk factors for graft detachment.

Several studies have demonstrated that coronary heart disease (CHD) is a high risk factor for cognitive impairment, whereas other studies showed that there was no association between cognitive impairment and CHD. The relationship between CHD and cognitive impairment is still unclear based on these conflicting results. Thus, it is of importance to evaluate the association between CHD and cognitive impairment. The present study made a meta-analysis to explore the association between CHD and risk of cognitive impairment.

Articles exploring the association between CHD and cognitive impairment and published before November 2020 were searched in the following databases PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We used STATA 12.0 software to compute the relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

The meta-analysis showed a positive association between CHD and risk of all-cause cognitive impairment with a random effects model (RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.36, I

=82.8%, p<.001). Additionally, the study showed a positive association between myocardial infraction (MI) and risk of all-cause cognitive impairment with a random effects model (RR=1.49, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.84, I

=76.0%, p<.001). However, no significant association was detected between angina pectoris (AP) and risk of all-cause cognitive impairment with a random effects model (RR=1.23, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.58, I

=79.1%, p<.001). Subgroup studies also showed that CHD patients are at higher risk for vascular dementia (VD), but not Alzheimer's disease (AD) (VD RR=1.34, 95% CI 1.28-1.39; AD RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.92-1.07).

In a word, CHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment.

In a word, CHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment.

Purpose of this prospective uncontrolled single-centre pilot study was to find an association of retinal oxygen saturation (SatO

) with acid-base balance (ABB), carboxyhaemoglobin concentration, current plasma glucose concentration (PG), mean PG and PG variability over the last 72hr, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and other conditions.

Forty-one adults (17men) with type1 (N=14) or type2 (N=27) diabetes mellitus, age 48.6±13.5years, diabetes duration 9 (0.1-36)years, BMI 29.4±6.3kg/m

, and HbA1c 52±12.7mmol/mol completed the study. The 4-day study comprised two visits (Dayl, Day4) including 72hr of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by iPro

2 Professional CGM (Medtronic, MiniMed, Inc., Northridge, CA, USA). Retinal oximeter Oxymap T1 (Oxymap ehf., Reykjavik, Iceland) was used to assess SatO

.

Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no SatO

difference between eyes and visits. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between arterial SatO

and PG variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus, a positive correlation of venous SatO

with HbA1c and with finger pulse oximetry. However, no correlation of SatO

with ABB, carboxyhaemoglobin, current PG, mean PG over the 72hr, age, diabetes duration, BMI, lipoproteinaemia, body temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, central retinal thickness and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was found.

This study confirmed the association of venous SatO

with long-term but not with short-term diabetes control, ABB and other conditions. The increased SatO

and questionable impact of PG variability on retinal SatO

is a research challenge.

This study confirmed the association of venous SatO2 with long-term but not with short-term diabetes control, ABB and other conditions. The increased SatO2 and questionable impact of PG variability on retinal SatO2 is a research challenge.